海南小海潟湖环境的破坏与治理

从口门稳定性的角度,分析了三大人为工程(太阳河改道、在通道口修筑北堤和封堵南汊道及约5 km2的潮滩被围垦)所起的作用以及波浪动力对小海口门演变的影响,认为小海潟湖潮汐通道在其演变进程中,由于潮汐弱而波能相对较强,目前仍属波浪作用为主型,依据自己多年的研究工作,首次提出以口门复式断面和通道分汊的方法对小海及该类型潟湖进行治理.     

景观型泻湖水体交换特性研究

以河北省七里海泻湖为例,建立了七里海泻湖及外海辽东湾的三维潮流数学模型,利用潮汐的实测数据对该模型进行了验证。结果表明,该模型能较好地模拟七里海泻湖及外海辽东湾的流场。为评价该泻湖的水体交换能力,选用溶解态保守型物质作为示踪剂,以更新时间来描述水体与外界交换的时间维特征。结果表明,无风情况下,泻湖末端水体交换能力差,水体交换时间大于800 d;考虑风向因素后,水体交换时间大幅缩短,以东北风作用尤为显著,水体交换时间均小于300 d,最有利于污染物的输移扩散。     

海南小海沉积物中的重金属分布特征及潜在生态风险评价

对小海沉积物进行采集,测定了沉积物中的Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn、Hg、As重金属的含量,用单因子指数法和Hakanson生态风险指数法评价了沉积物中重金属综合污染效应.研究结果表明:小海湾内沉积物中Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn、Hg、As的平均含量分别为0.20 mg/kg、0.18 mg/kg、0.30 mg/kg、0.22 mg/kg、0.44 mg/kg、0.23 mg/kg.沉积物所监测的重金属中,Hg金属的空间波动程度最高,其他重金属的空间波动程度较低.沉积物质量评价结果表明:小海沉积物中主要的重金属污染因子是As,其重金属影响因子的顺序为As＞Hg＞Pb＞Cr＞Zn＞Cu＞Cd;各种重金属的潜在生态危害系数大小顺序为Hg＞As＞Cd＞Pb＞Cu＞Cr＞Zn;潜在生态风险指数 RI平均值为37.06,属于轻微潜在生态风险.     

Restoration of Koggala lagoon： Modelling approach in evaluating lagoon water budget and flow characteristics

Groyne system modification is described related to restoration e orts to Koggala lagoon, Sri Lanka.The large-scale unplanned sand removal at the lagoon mouth shifted the formation of sand bar towards the lagoon and made adverse e ects on its ecosystem. After the removal of the natural sand bar, groyne system was constructed to avoid sand deposition in the lagoon and to protect the highway bridge (across the lagoon outlet channel) from the wave attack. The existing groyne system resulted the lagoon mouth being permanently open to sea which in turn led to many environmental problems. Groyne system modification is proposed in this study to reduce the sea water intrusion.Water budget and two-dimensional depth averaged hydrodynamic model were developed for understanding the hydrologic and flow characteristics of the lagoon. Numerical experiments was performed at lagoon mouth area for two cases: (1) existing condition and (2) proposed rubble mound groyne system condition. Comparison of results was obtained for both cases to describe flow pattern at lagoon mouth. Results further showed, the width should be reduced to a maximum of 40 m. Proposed mouth width (40 m) pushed the salting factor towards 0.5 from 0.68. Salting factor reduction with the groyne modification may result a predominant influence of fresh water which may in turn lead lagoon to a fresh water ecosystem.