红树林对珊瑚礁鱼的重要性

红树林长期以来被认为是荒凉的沼泽植物,曾被广泛砍伐,以进行沿海开发。现在,它们是世界上最濒危的生态系统之一。红树林沼泽经常出现在珊瑚礁附近,可以看到珊瑚礁鱼的鱼苗生活在红树林树根之间,但红树林沼泽对珊瑚礁鱼的重要性却从未被测量过。现在,对伯利兹和墨西哥沿海的珊瑚礁所做的一项研究显示,珊瑚礁鱼群落的结构和多样性非常依赖于红树林。红树林的培育使得一些具有重要商业价值的鱼类的生物量加倍,使得珊瑚礁鱼群落的多样性得到加强。红树林的损失已导致大西洋最大食草鱼彩虹鹦嘴鱼的局部灭绝。目前砍伐红树林的速度影响到该地区渔…     

若尔盖高原沼泽生态环境及其合理开发的研究

若尔盖高原位于青藏高原的东北隅,西临巴颜喀拉山,东抵岷山,北起西倾山,南至邛崃山,是一块完整的丘状高原,也是我国最大的泥炭沼泽分布区之一。本文所述的范围包括若尔盖、红原、阿坝和玛曲等四县,流域上属黄河水系,泥炭沼泽面积达4600余km²。其中若尔盖和红原两县的泥炭沼泽,在60年代曾做过调查,70年代,地质部门在水文勘探中也曾对这里的泥炭沼泽有所研究。为进一步研究本区的生态环境和自然资源,1982年起,我们在横断山沼泽泥炭调查中,又对上述四个县连续进行了四年泥炭沼泽考察。本文是这次考察总结的一部分。     

Biogenic silica in intertidal marsh plants and associated sediments

Biogenic silica (BSi) contents in the marsh plants (Phragmites australis, Scirpus mariqueter and Spartina alterniflora) and associated sediments in Chongming Island eastern intertidal flat of the Yangtze Estuary were determined. The BSi contents in P. australis, S. mariqueter and S. alterniflora varied from 25.78–42.74 mg/g, 5.71–19.53 mg/g and 6.71–8.92 mg/g, respectively. Over the entire growth season, P. australis and S. mariqueter were characterized by linear accumulation patterns of BSi. The aboveground biomass (leaves and culms) of the marsh plants generally contained more BSi than underground biomass (roots). BSi contents were relatively higher in dead plant tissues than in live tissues which was probably due to the decomposition and the leaching of labile components of plant tissues such as organic carbon and nitrogen. Comparing with the habitats of S. mariqueter and S. alterniflora, the highest BSi content was recorded in sediments inhabited by P. australis, with an annual average of 15.69 mg/g. Overall, the intertidal marshes in the Yangtze Estuary may act as a net sink of BSi via plant uptake and sedimentary burial.