四种再分析资料与长江中下游地区降水观测资料的对比研究

为了获得对中国区域降水刻画能力较好的再分析资料,以长江中下游地区为例,将PREC/L、CMAP、GPCP及NCEP2四种再分析降水资料与台站降水观测资料进行了多年和逐年平均的年、季、月降水量距平的时空相关分析和方差分析,比较了再分析资料对该区降水刻画能力的差异。首先对该区域的观测资料、CMAP、GPCP及NCEP2资料进行插值,使所有资料具有相同的空间分辨率,在此基础上比较再分析资料与观测资料年、季、月平均的降水变化特征。结果表明,四种再分析资料与观测资料的距平相关系数（均方根误差）由大到小（由小到大）的变化次序为：PREC/L→CMAP→GPCP→NCEP2,四种再分析资料均能较好地刻画出长江中下游地区降水的时空分布特征,尤以PREC/L资料对该区域降水变化的时空演变规律描述得最好。最后,利用PREC/L资料与观测资料对该区域降水的时空特征进行了相关分析、EOF分析和功率谱分析,结果显示夏季平均降水量具有23和31年的显著周期,EOF分析的前两个模态的时间变化分别具有23和28年的显著周期,这些显著周期都通过了95％的红噪声检验.     

Estimation of annual potential evapotranspiration at regional scale based on the effect of moisture on soil respiration

Potential evapotranspiration (PET) is an important component of water cycle. For traditional models derived from the principle of aerodynamics and the surface energy balance, its calculation always includes many parameters, such as net radiation, water vapor pressure, air temperature and wind speed. We found that it can be acquired in an easier way in specific regions. In this study, a new PET model (PETP model) derived from two empirical models of soil respiration was evaluated using the Penman-Monteith equation as a standard method. The results indicate that the PETP model estimation concur with the Penman-Monteith equation in sites where annual precipitation ranges from 717.71 mm to 1727.37 mm (R² = 0.68, p = 0.0002), but show large discrepancies in all sites (R² = 0.07, p = 0.1280). Then we applied our PETP model at the global scale to the regions with precipitation higher than 700 mm using 2.5° CMAP data to obtain the annual PET for 2006. As expected, the spatial pattern is satisfactory overall, with the highest PET values distributed in the lower latitudes or coastal regions, and with an average of 1292.60 ± 540.15 mm year⁻¹. This PETP model provides a convenient approach to estimate PET at regional scales.     

四种再分析资与长江中下游地区降水观测资科的对比研究

为了获得对中国区域降水刻画能力较好的再分析资料,以长江中下游地区为例,将PREC/L、CMAP、GPCP及NCEP2四种再分析降水资料与台站降水观测资料进行了多年和逐年平均的年、季、月降水量距平的时空相关分析和方差分析,比较了再分析资料对该区降水刻画能力的差异.首先对该区域的观测资料、CMAP、GPCP及NCEP2资料进行插值,使所有资料具有相同的空间分辨率,在此基础上比较再分析资料与观测资料年、季、月平均的降水变化特征.结果表明,四种再分析资料与观测资料的距平相关系数(均方根误差)由大到小(由小到大)的变化次序为:PREC/L→CMAP→GPCP→NCEP2,四种再分析资料均能较好地刻画出长江中下游地区降水的时空分布特征,尤以PREC/L资料对该区域降水变化的时空演变规律描述得最好.最后,利用PREC/L资料与观测资料对该区域降水的时空特征进行了相关分析、EOF分析和功率谱分析,结果显示夏季平均降水量具有2.3和3.1年的显著周期,EOF分析的前两个模态的时间变化分别具有2.3和2.8年的显著周期,这些显著周期都通过了95%的红噪声检验.