排序方式: 共有10条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1
1.
通过对1995年重庆渝中区空气中SO2、PM2.5浓度水平与居民每日就诊人数的动态观察发现:居民内科各月门认及诊人次按病种分类显示,慢性阻塞性肺部疾病(COPD)在空气SO2、PM2.5空气浓度水平出现峰值的一月份呈现高峰;各年龄组四大类疾病的延迟七日的门诊女性就认人次中,COPD和循环系统疾病的就诊人次与SO2、PM2.5浓度相关系数在0.4-0.7之间,有较为密切的关系。COPD的时间聚集性分 相似文献
2.
Agarwal R Jayaraman G Anand S Marimuthu P 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,114(1-3):489-504
The study focuses on assessing the status of respiratory morbidity in Delhi over a four years period from 2000–2003. An attempt was made to investigate the role of important pollutants (SO2, NO2, SPM and RSPM) and various meteorological factors (temperature minimum & maximum, relative humidity at 0830 and 1730 hrs. and wind speed) in being responsible for respiratory admissions on account of COPD, asthma and emphysema. The study showed that winter months had greater exposure risk as pollutants often get trapped in the lower layers of atmosphere resulting in high concentrations. Statistical analysis revealed that two pollutants have significant positive correlation with the number of COPD cases viz., SPM (r = 0.474; p < 0.01) and RSPM (r = 0.353; p < 0.05), while a meteorological factor temperature (minimum) has a significant negative correlation (r = −0.318; p < 0.05) with COPD. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed for COPD as dependent variable and R2 value of 0.33 was obtained indicating that SPM and RH(1730) were able to explain 33 percent variability in COPD. The partial correlation of SPM and RH(1730) on COPD was higher than any other combination and therefore they can be regarded as important contributing variables on COPD. 相似文献
3.
陈素萍 《湖南环境生物职业技术学院学报》2012,(2):44-46
探讨COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭神志清楚患者无创通气的护理体会.方法:南华大学附属第一医院呼吸内科2009年1月-2012年2月收治的98例COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭应用无创正压通气治疗的清醒患者,随机分为护理干预组(观察组)与对照组各49例,其中观察组给予系统的护理干预;对照组仅采取一般护理措施.比较两组患者治疗后呼吸参数.结果:护理干预组的pH、PaO2、SaO2等参数明显高于对照组,而PaCO2明显低于对照组.表1,参5. 相似文献
4.
为了探讨室内空气污染与慢性阻塞性肺部疾病(COPD)的关系,对云南省宣威县使用不同生活燃料、年龄≥40岁的农民10892人进行了COPD及其症状的现患率调查,同时测定了调查对象的最大呼气流速(PEF).结果表明,不同燃料造成的室内空气污染对COPD及其症状和最大呼气流速的作用顺序依次为有烟煤>无烟煤>柴.在调整了年龄、性别、吸烟和改灶年限等因素后发现,使用有烟煤和使用无烟煤的人群患COPD的危险性分别是使用柴的4.63倍和1.55倍.改灶年限越长,COPD及其症状的现患率越低,最大呼气流速越高.室内燃煤空气污染是影响宣威慢性阻塞性肺部疾病(COPD)的主要危险因素,改炉改灶对控制COPD及其症状的现患水平,改善肺功能具有积极的作用. 相似文献
5.
为弄清颗粒污染物在慢性阻塞性肺病工人呼吸道内运动和沉积规律,采用数值方法讨论了2类阻塞性呼吸道内气固流动特性,分析了阻塞率(α)、阻塞位置、劳动强度等因数对流场分布、颗粒沉积形式和沉积率的影响.结果表明,α越大,病人局部缺氧越严重,当α=0.8时,相对缺氧率可达90%以上;劳动强度越强或受阻塞位置越深,病人发生哮喘的可能性愈高.呼吸道变形不会改变颗粒的沉积机制,但对其沉积形式有显著影响.α增大,劳动强度增强,粒径变大,均会导致颗粒沉积分布不对称性提高,且下呼吸道粒子沉积分布对称性更好.此外,呼吸道变形使总沉降率(ηt)减小,且α越大,ηt越小.发现对于低劳动强度,下呼吸道或者dp>5μm的大颗粒,α对ηt影响要更为显著. 相似文献
6.
为评价气温与臭氧(O3)协同作用对慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)住院人数的影响,采用广义相加模型(GAM)、平滑曲线阈值效应和饱和效应方法,在控制了时间序列长期趋势、季节效应、节假日效应和相对湿度、污染物PM2.5、SO2、NO2浓度混杂因素的影响后,分析了2013~2016年石家庄市气温与O3协同作用对COPD住院人数影响的暴露-反应关系,并考虑了不同年龄、性别的分人群效应.结果表明,日平均气温的阈值为0.3,19℃,O3的分层临界值100μg/m3;当O3≥100μg/m3时,随着气温每上升1℃,COPD日均住院人数增加的相对危险度1.042(95%:1.020,1.065),并且在T≥19℃时其效应值最大,为1.084(95%:1.048,1.121).较高气温、高O3污染环境对COPD疾病人群的影响存在协同加强效应,且对老年人影响更敏感,而男女性别上没有显著差异. 相似文献
7.
为了检测大气PM_(2.5)对正常肺上皮细胞(BEAS-2B)的损伤作用和慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)相关基因及蛋白的表达变化,将PM_(2.5)的不同组分对肺上皮细胞进行染毒24 h后,通过MTT、荧光探针、Western Blot、单细胞凝胶电泳、实时荧光定量PCR、ELISA等方法检测细胞损伤、COPD相关基因和蛋白表达的变化情况.结果发现,PM_(2.5)可造成肺上皮细胞活性降低,且呈剂量依赖性,PM_(2.5)的不同组分对细胞造成的损伤也不同,有机相组分在细胞凋亡、紧密连接蛋白表达量、DNA损伤和炎症反应等方面造成的影响都比水相组分严重,而水相组分在氧化应激反应和COPD相关蛋白变化程度方面的作用都高于有机相组分.由此可见,PM_(2.5)可对肺上皮细胞造成多种不同程度、不同水平的损伤作用,其中,氧化应激可能是影响COPD相关基因和蛋白表达的重要因素. 相似文献
8.
Jiuli Yang Mingyang Liu Qu Cheng Lingyue Yang Xiaohui Sun Haidong Kan Yang Liu Michelle L. Bell Rohini Dasan Huiwang Gao Xiaohong Yao Yang Gao 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(5):56
9.
Air pollution is threat to the lives of people living in big cities of Pakistan. In Lahore 1,250 people die annually because
of air pollution.Mass transit system that can be put forth as solution to urban air pollution is contingent with right choice
of system and its affiliation with motorized vehicles and nature of urban air pollution.Existing mass transit system in Lahore
due to untrue operation causes surfeit discharge of motor vehicular carbon monoxide. Tended relationships of mass transit
system with motorized vehicles and urban air pollution are quite noteworthy. The growing motor vehicles (a consequence of
flawed public mass transit system) are potential source of urban air pollution. This paper attempts to highlight correlations
and regression curves of existing mass transit system. Further it recommends a two facet approach for reduction of motor vehicular
air pollution in Lahore. 相似文献
10.
Impact of urban air pollution has variety of focuses such as urban ecology, human health, economy, etc. But human health is
always given priority. Air pollution is threat to the lives of people living in big cities of Pakistan. In Lahore only there
die 1,250 people annually because of air pollution. A strong correlation exists between urban air pollution and human health
in Lahore. Growth of COPD is highest among other air pollution borne diseases. Existing mass transit system (one of driving
forces behind motor vehicular emission) in Lahore due to frequent stoppages, entering and exit in flow of traffic causes excess
discharge of motor vehicular carbon monoxide (CO) which is a hazardous to human health. Quantification and enumeration of
this discharge is essential for environmental management. The paper is an attempt to highlight human health effects of urban
air pollution through correlation and regression analysis. Further it is focused upon quantifying excess motor vehicular carbon
monoxide through application of simplified mobile emission model. In light of results emission control measures are recommended. 相似文献
1