人工湿地控制暴雨径流污染的实验研究

研究了不同填料，不同植物的人工湿地对暴雨径流中污染物的去除，实验结果表明：（1）以沸石为填料的人工湿地对暴雨径流中的COD，N具有高而稳定的去除率。（2）沸石能高效去除氨氮，并可生物再生，长期保持吸附氨氮能力。（3）N的去除是通过硝化，反硝化作用。植物吸收，微生物的同化作用去除。（4）草蒲和芦苇对N的去除效果没有明显区别。（5）对COD的去除，芦苇好于菖蒲，但菖蒲的除P能力大于芦苇。     

Demographic Effects of Collecting Rattan Cane and Their Implications for Sustainable Harvesting

Abstract:  Rattan, Old World climbing palm, is an extremely valuable nontimber forest product whose canes are gathered for both market and nonmarket uses. I evaluated the effects of harvesting commercial rattan, Calamus zollingeri Becc., on genet survival and ramet demography in two primary forest sites near Lore Lindu National Park in Sulawesi, Indonesia. I monitored 168 permanently marked C. zollingeri genets for 4 years and surveyed random transects for C. zollingeri genet and ramet populations and evidence of cane harvesting in 1996 and 2000. Cane harvesting had no significant effect on genet survival or mean ramet densities. However, current cane extraction rates significantly reduced mean cane lengths and total available cane throughout the area during the study period. Based on observed genet and ramet populations and average cane growth rates of 1.4 m/year, the sustained-yield harvesting potential of C. zollingeri is approximately 101 m and 56 m/ha/year in the two study sites. Although C. zollingeri exhibits life-history traits well suited to sustained-yield harvesting, including production of multiple canes, cane resprouting following harvest, rapid cane growth, and widespread abundance below 1100 m, current harvest rates exceed growth and yield, and supplies of cane are being depleted. Rattan harvesting is widespread in Lore Lindu National Park. Approximately 18% of the park (42,000 ha) is likely subject to intensive and unsustainable extraction of C. zollingeri.