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矿山开采非线性沉陷学说初论 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
讨论基于岩体工程属性和矿山开采沉陷本质特征而建立非线性沉陷学说的正确性和可行性;总结了近年来笔者在非线性沉陷问题方面所做的大量实验、现场勘测、研究和取得的成果:采动岩体的非线性破坏特征、开采沉陷的Dam age效应、采动岩体分形裂隙网络及演化规律、开采沉陷的协同效应和自组织过程、采动岩体层裂的突变机理、采动断层活化的分形界面效应、地表下沉的“S”型分形增长规律;提出了建立基于矿山开采非线性沉陷机理、规律的预测模型和防治对策及非线性沉陷学的学术思想 相似文献
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论述了混沌现象与基本特征,提出把混沌分析方法引入环境科学中,探索环境现象变化的新途径。重点简述混沌现象在环境影响的变迁的实例,环境混沌系统控制的基本思路和混沌分析相空间预测方法。 相似文献
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事故过程的确定性混沌分析方法 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
综述了对事故致因理论的研究现状 ;提出了系统事故过程的确定性混沌分析方法 ;介绍了混沌分析方法的计算步骤 ;并以矿井火灾过程进行了实例分析。结果表明 :这种方法可对事故过程的系统状态进行连续分析。 相似文献
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The effects of the following modes of density-dependent control of population growth: density-dependent birth rate, adult survival rate, juvenile survival rate are compared based on the mathematical model of population dynamics. It is shown that the most efficient mechanisms limiting population size are decreasing with the growth of the adult population birth rate and/or the decreasing survival rate of the offspring with the increase in their number. However, these same mechanisms are responsible for oscillations of the population size and its chaotic change. The density-dependence of the adult survival rate is not efficient in constraining the population growth, but it can substantially limit the magnitude of oscillations of the population size. 相似文献
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工业事故演变混沌特性研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
混沌与随机是本质上不同的两种特性.区分产生工业事故演变系统的混沌性和随机性是进行工业事故模拟和预测的基础.本文通过对工业事故演变特性进行分析,初步结果表明,工业事故演变具有混沌动力系统的一些特征,提出通过相空间重构及Lyapunov指数来判定工业事故演变的混沌特性. 相似文献
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SUMMARY The paper outlines some main features of chaos theory. Examples of chaotic systems in society and the environment are given. Spontaneous interaction of components, without being planned or directed, is known as ‘self-organising behaviour’. Chaos is an essential aspect of this self organisation, occurring in many forms. A chaotic system is defined as one that shows sensitivity to initial conditions. If the errors relative to the initial conditions become too great, the system will eventually collapse. Development projects are sensitive to such initial conditions. In particular, two examples in development are outlined in some detail and commented upon. One is the occurrence of a project promoting self-organising systems among the poorest of the poor. The other outlines how rehabilitation after resettlement in a power project has transgressed the ‘edge of chaos’ socio-emotionally, in spite of the socioeconomic development being good. 相似文献
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The model of Hastings and Powell describes a tritrophic food chain that exhibits chaotic dynamics. The model assumes that the populations are homogeneously mixed, so that the probability that any two individuals interact is uniform and space can be ignored. In this paper we propose a spatial version of the Hastings and Powell model in which predators seek their preys only in a finite neighborhood of their home location, breaking the mixing hypothesis. Treating both space and time as discrete variables we derive a set of coupled equations that describe the evolution of the populations at each site of the spatial domain. We show that the introduction of local predator–prey interactions result in qualitatively distinct dynamics of predator and prey populations. The evolution equations for the predators involve averages over the local density of preys, whereas the equations for the preys involve double averages, where the local density of both preys and predators appear. Our numerical simulations show that local predation also leads to spontaneous pattern formation and to qualitative changes in the global dynamics of the system. In particular, depending on the size of the predation neighborhoods, the chaotic strange attractor present in the original model of Hastings and Powell can be replaced by a stable fixed point or by an attractor of simpler topology. 相似文献