阳春春湾柴草自燃现象与地震活动关系探讨

通过对广东省阳春市春湾镇龙虎坑村柴草自燃现象与地震活动时间序列以及对自燃区地质地貌、断层气测量等研究,认为,自燃现象与强震活动有密切的对应关系;柴草自燃现象是区域构造应力场加强的窗口效应.     

基于遥感尾气监测的柴油车气态污染物排放因子计算方法研究

采用遥感尾气测试系统实测了柴油车在实际道路工况下的CO、HC和NO排放特征,修正了排放因子的计算方法,并与车载排放测试系统（PEMS）实测结果进行了验证,获得了实测车辆的CO、HC和NO排放因子.测试结果显示,在各种遥感监测的工况下柴油车尾气中均含有较高浓度的氧气,未考虑氧气影响的燃烧方程反演获得的各污染物体积浓度计算值与PEMS实测值的偏差较大,且氧气浓度越大,偏差越大.经过氧气修正的燃烧方程反演计算的尾气浓度与PEMS实测值吻合度大幅提升,适用于实际工况下遥感检测车辆尾气的反演计算.修正算法得到CO、HC和NO的排放因子离散性较小,精确度较高,可以为量化柴油车尾气排放贡献提供科学依据.     

Body fluid analog chlorination: Application to the determination of disinfection byproduct formation kinetics in swimming pool water

Disinfection by-products(DBPs) are formed in swimming pools by the reactions of bather inputs with the disinfectant.Although a wide range of molecules has been identified within DBPs,only few kinetic rates have been reported.This study investigates the kinetics of chlorine consumption,chloroform formation and dichloroacetonitrile formation caused by human releases.Since the flux and main components of human inputs have been determined and formalized through Body Fluid Analogs(BFAs),it is possible to model the DBPs formation kinetics by studying a limited number of precursor molecules.For each parameter the individual contributions of BFA components have been quantified and kinetic rates have been determined,based on reaction mechanisms proposed in the literature.With a molar consumption of 4 mol Cl_2/mol,urea is confirmed as the major chlorine consumer in the BFA because of its high concentration in human releases.The higher reactivity of ammonia is however highlighted.Citric acid is responsible for most of the chloroform produced during BFA chlorination.Chloroform formation is relatively slow with a limiting rate constant determined at 5.50 × 10~(-3) L/mol/sec.L-histidine is the only precursor for dichloroacetonitrile in the BFA.This DBP is rapidly formed and its degradation by hydrolysis and by reaction with hypochlorite shortens its lifetime in the basin.Reaction rates of dichloroacetonitrile formation by L-histidine chlorination have been established based on the latest chlorination mechanisms proposed.Moreover,this study shows that the reactivity toward chlorine differs whether L-histidine is isolated or mixed with BFA components.     

Investigation to meet China II emission legislation for marine diesel engine with diesel methanol compound combustion technology

In order to reduce the pollutant emission and alleviate the pressure of petroleum resources shortage and greenhouse gas emission at the same time, the use of clean and renewable alternative fuel for marine engines is a promising option. In this study, a marine diesel engine, which was modified to run in diesel methanol compound combustion (DMCC) mode, was investigated. After the diesel injection parameters were calibrated, and combined with a sample after-treatment device DOC (diesel oxidation catalyst), the engine could meet the requirements of China II legislation. The overall MSP (methanol substitute percent) reached 54.1%. The value of each pollutant emission was much lower than that in China II emission legislation, and there was almost no methanol and formaldehyde emissions. When methanol was injected into the inlet manifold, the intake air temperature decreased a lot, as well as the exhaust gas temperature, which were beneficial to increase engine thermal efficiency and improve engine room environment. Compared with the engine running in pure diesel mode, when the engine ran in diesel/methanol dual fuel mode, the combustion phase was advanced, and the combustion duration became shorter. Therefore, the engine thermal efficiency increased, and fuel consumption decreased significantly.     

煤气化技术的前景

介绍了“煤气化──无烟燃烧技术”及其在小型工业锅上的应用，为解决我国煤烟型大气污染问题提供了一种全新的办法。     

不同气氛下燃煤SO2的排放规律研究

在立式管状电加热炉上对合山高硫煤在不同的气氛、温度以及Ca／S比的条件下进行了动态燃烧实验，对收集的气体产物进行了红外光谱分析，并讨论了CO2浓度以及温度等因素对SO2释放的影响。结果表明：不同浓度的CO2气氛对煤燃烧过程中硫的释放以及石灰石的固硫效率有着不同的影响，在高于900℃以后，较之空气气氛下，无论是否存在钙基固硫剂，其它三种02／C02气氛下S02的排放量都比较低，且在不同C02浓度下，温度对S02的排放影响不一致。     

催化燃烧法处理炼油污水处理场臭气

介绍了污水处理场臭气来源、危害和影响，从技术、经济和环境效益等方面对几种处理方法进行了比较，提出了采用催化燃烧法的技术实施方案。     

煤中易挥发有毒痕量元素及其在燃烧过程中的行为

本文综述了煤中易挥发有毒痕量元素汞、砷、硒在煤中的赋存形式 ,在燃烧过程中的蒸发和化学反应等行为 ,指出了在目前研究燃煤过程中有毒痕量元素所存在的问题和需要努力加强的研究方向     

粉煤灰综合利用—制无烟型煤

粉煤灰,又称“烟道灰”,是从燃烧装置的烟道气中收集而得到的细灰.目前,国内外对粉煤灰的综合利用极为重视,但大部分都着眼于建材、建筑和农业等方面,而本发明是将粉煤灰作为型煤的掺合料配制型煤,即将粉煤灰与烟煤、褐煤和泥炭混配,再加入适量的添加剂,混匀后经压力成型制成各种形状的无烟燃料.实践证明,只要灰质、煤质和掺比相匹配,可压制成合格的掺灰型煤,达到“煤掺灰,灰代煤、效益高”的效果.该掺灰型煤,具有反应活性高,燃烧效果好,基本无烟等特点,投资少,见效快,效益高,节约能源等.经试烧证明,燃烧排烟中的各种污染物可消减50%以上,节约煤炭约30%以上,并且,每吨掺灰型煤(按售价每吨100元计算)可增收15—20元.     

轻烧镁窑烟尘污染治理技术的筛选与应用

利用煤气发生炉生产煤气，烧结轻烧镁，具有产品质量高，大幅度削减烟尘排放量，节约能源等优点，该项技术具有广泛的推广价值，本文较详细地介绍了辽宁省轻烧镁窑烟尘污染治理技术的典型，具有同类技术的国内先进水平．