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Bo Terning Hansen Lars Erik Johannessen Tore Slagsvold 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2007,61(8):1203-1209
Imprinting plays a key role in the development of species recognition, with young imprinting upon the morphological characters
of their parents. However, the potential role that cultural transmission might play in species recognition remains largely
uninvestigated. Great tits (Parus major) and blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) do not normally perceive each other as sexual competitors or potential partners. However, after reciprocal interspecific
cross-fostering, both species may perceive individuals of the foster species as potential rivals or mates. Although the experience
of being raised by heterospecifics clearly has affected the species recognition of cross-fostered birds, some of them breed
naturally with conspecifics. The offspring of such cross-fostered birds (OCF) are hence raised by parents that look like ordinary
conspecifics but display deviant species recognition as compared to controls in terms of aggressive response towards rivals.
Comparing the aggressive behavior of OCF, cross-fostered birds and controls towards territorial intruders may thus help tease
apart the influence of morphological vs behavioral cues of parents in the development of offspring species recognition. To
this end, we compared birds from all three treatments with respect to their aggressive response to territorial intruders of
both species during the breeding season. OCF and controls did not differ in their pattern of response towards heterospecific
and conspecific stimuli. Compared to cross-fostered birds, OCF and controls showed less aggression towards heterospecific
intruders, while the response towards conspecific intruders did not differ between treatments. These results demonstrate that
both tit species imprint on the morphological characters of their parents, but that parental behavior is not important for
the development of species recognition in terms of aggressive response towards territorial intruders. 相似文献
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Caroline Isaksson Tobias Uller Staffan Andersson 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2006,60(4):556-562
Carotenoid pigments have attracted much interest in behavioural and evolutionary ecology because of their dual function in immune physiology and as color signals. In vertebrates, carotenoids must ultimately be obtained from the diet, and the mechanisms and magnitude of this environmental dependence are central for understanding carotenoid signal functions and evolution. In the present cross-fostering experiment with great tits Parus major, we investigate pre- and postnatal parental effects (egg yolk carotenoids, parental coloration) on nestling size and carotenoid coloration, using HPLC analysis of egg yolk carotenoids, and a reflectance-based measure of ‘chroma’ that reflects the plumage pigment concentration. Both rearing environment and origin influenced offspring size and plumage chroma. Maternal allocation of carotenoids to eggs had a weak positive effect on nestling plumage chroma, whereas we found no prenatal maternal effects (egg size or yolk carotenoid concentration) on size. Nestling plumage chroma was also significantly predicted by the chroma of the rearing father, but not by the color of the rearing mother or either of the original (genetical) parents. Thus, both prenatal maternal effects and postnatal paternal effects influence the carotenoid-based plumage coloration of nestling great tits. Future studies will reveal if parental effects have long-term consequences for plumage development and associated fitness components. 相似文献
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