排序方式: 共有6条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1
1.
Peter?J.?ChristieEmail author Daniel?J.?Mennill Laurene?M.?Ratcliffe 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2004,55(4):341-348
The fee-bee song of male black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) is considered a single-type song that singers transpose up and down a continuous frequency range. While the ability to shift song pitch in this species provides a mechanism for song matching as an aversive signal in male-male territorial song contests, the functional significance of this behaviour during the solo performances of males during the dawn chorus is unclear. We analysed the dawn chorus songs and singing behaviour of males whose winter-flock dominance status we determined. We used correlation analysis to show that pitch shifts were accompanied by changes to other fine structural characteristics in song, including temporal and relative amplitude parameters. We also found that songs of socially dominant males and songs of their most subordinate flockmates could be distinguished using these methods by the way they performed a between-note frequency measure accompanying pitch shifts. That is, a ratio measure of the internote frequency interval remained constant for songs of high-ranking birds despite changes in absolute pitch, while low-ranking males sang a smaller ratio as they shifted to higher absolute pitches. These findings identify previously unrecognised variation in the songs of black-capped chickadees. More importantly, they indicate a mechanism by which pitch shifting during the dawn chorus of black-capped chickadees could provide a reliable indicator of relative male quality.Communicated by I. Hartley 相似文献
2.
Stochastic dynamic programming (SDP) models predict that males singing to attract a mate should concentrate singing in what
has been termed the dawn chorus. This is because male birds should have a variable surplus of fat in the morning that can
be used to fuel singing, with the amount of fat available dependent upon such factors as his quality, foraging success and
risk of predation. In this manner, the dawn chorus can act as an indicator of male quality in the context of female mate choice.
We test a key prediction of SDP models of singing behaviour that males with greater fat levels should sing more. We conducted
an experiment where we recorded the dawn chorus of male silvereyes (Zosterops lateralis) on three consecutive days. Each male received supplementary food on the second day, which enabled us to sample his dawn
chorus before, during and after food supplementation. We also collected data on the effect of supplementary food on the body
mass of silvereyes. As predicted by SDP models, we found that silvereyes sang for a greater proportion of the time after receiving
supplementary food. Supplementary food also had a significant effect on the complexity of a male song, indicating that males
not only increased the quantity of their song but also the quality of their song when they received extra food. As the provision
of supplementary food significantly increased the mass of fed birds, our results support a causal link between male energy
reserves and his ability to perform the dawn chorus. 相似文献
3.
北宋大文豪苏东坡,曾先后任近十个州的地方官,为官清廉,勤政爱民,为百姓做好事。在徐州抗洪修堤、杭州治理西湖、颖州疏浚沟渠,受到百姓爱戴,堪称为古代一位水利专家。他还喜爱赏玩奇岩怪石,如砚石、仇池石、雪浪石等,也是古代一位赏石家。 相似文献
4.
Loïc A. Hardouin Dominique Robert Vincent Bretagnolle 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2008,62(12):1909-1918
The dawn chorus is a striking feature of spring mornings and a characteristic behaviour of many bird species, particularly
the passerines. Dawn singing has been considered a reliable signal of male quality for mate and rival assessment. Singing
is presumed to be relatively costly at dawn both because air temperatures are relatively low and because birds have not fed
overnight. Models of optimal daily routine predict the existence of a “dusk chorus” in nocturnal birds, although this prediction
has received little empirical attention. Nocturnal birds at dusk may be energy-limited because of a lack of daytime feeding,
and singing at dusk may thus ensure signal reliability. Here, we used an observational and experimental approach to study
vocal behaviour at dusk and dawn in a nocturnal raptor, the little owl Athene noctua. We assess whether male little owls adjust their vocal behaviour according to feeding stage (i.e. period of the night), ambient
air temperature and territorial context (i.e. spontaneous calling behaviour vs elicited calling by intrusion). Across different
temperatures, we find that both spontaneous vocal activity and inter-individual variability in call duration increased at
dusk, clearly indicating a dusk chorus phenomenon. Results from playback presentations suggest that food, rather than air
temperature, is likely to be more constraining at dusk. We discuss how comparing dusk and dawn choruses in nocturnal and diurnal
species can provide insights into both mechanistic and functional aspects of signalling behaviour. 相似文献
5.
Frogs and toads commonly form large choruses around suitable breeding habitat during the mating season. Although often regarded
as a constraint on the acoustic behavior of signalers and receivers, the sounds of a chorus could also serve as an acoustic
beacon that allows some frogs to locate the breeding aggregation. Attraction to chorus sounds might be particularly important
for explosively breeding frogs. In these species, which often mate just one or a few days during the year, the timing and
location of breeding aggregations can be unpredictable because their formation often depends on local climatic factors, such
as rainfall or a change in temperature. I used laboratory playback experiments to test the hypothesis that male wood frogs
(Rana sylvatica), an explosively breeding frog, exhibit positive phonotaxis toward the sound of a conspecific chorus. Males were released
at the center of a rectangular arena with a speaker positioned in each corner facing toward the release point. In a single-stimulus
experiment, more males approached a speaker broadcasting a conspecific chorus than the three silent speakers in the arena.
In a two-stimulus experiment, more males approached a speaker broadcasting a conspecific chorus compared to the two silent
speakers or a fourth speaker simultaneously broadcasting the spectrally overlapping sound of a heterospecific (R. septentrionalis) chorus. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that male wood frogs could use the sound of a chorus as a beacon
to locate a short-lived breeding aggregation. 相似文献
6.
Valentin Amrhein Lars Erik Johannessen Lena Kristiansen Tore Slagsvold 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2008,62(10):1633-1641
The costs and benefits of bird song are likely to vary among species, and different singing patterns may reflect differences
in reproductive strategies. We compared temporal patterns of singing activity in two songbird species, the blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) and the great tit (Parus major). The two species live side by side year round, and they have similar breeding ecology and similar rates of extra-pair paternity.
However, they differ in two aspects of reproductive strategy that may have an influence on song output: blue tits are facultatively
polygynous and have a fairly short breeding season with almost no second broods, whereas great tits are socially monogamous
but more commonly raise second broods. We found that great tit males continued singing at high levels during the egg-laying
and incubation periods, while monogamously paired blue tit males strongly reduced singing activity after the first days of
egg-laying by their female. Since males of both species sang much more intensely shortly before sunrise than after sunrise,
at midday or in the evening, this difference was most conspicuous at dawn. No differences in singing activity were found within
species when testing for male age. We suggest that in contrast to blue tits, great tit males continued singing after egg-laying
to defend the territory and to encourage the female for a possible second brood. 相似文献
1