改善工艺提高钻井废水COD的达标率

本文重点介绍了完善油气勘探防污土建结构的办法,结果表明:完善后的结构能提高钻井废水COD的达标率。同时,处理水的SS,pH和色度等指标的达标率也可提高。     

Application of dynamic risk analysis in offshore drilling processes

Process safety is the common global language used to communicate the strategies of hazard identification, risk assessment and safety management. Process safety is identified as an integral part of process development and focuses on preventing and mitigating major process accidents such as fires, explosions, and toxic releases in process industries. Accident probability estimation is the most vital step to all quantitative risk assessment methods. Drilling process for oil is a hazardous operation and hence safety is one of the major concerns and is often measured in terms of risk. Dynamic risk assessment method is meant to reassess risk in terms of updating initial failure probabilities of events and safety barriers, as new information are made available during a specific operation. In this study, a Bayesian network model is developed to represent a well kick scenario. The concept of dynamic environment is incorporated by feeding the real-time failure probability values (observed at different time intervals) of safety barriers to the Bayesian network in order to obtain the corresponding time-dependent variations in kick consequences. This study reveals the importance of real-time monitoring of safety barrier performances and quantitatively shows the effect of deterioration of barrier performance on kick consequence probabilities. The Macondo blowout incident is used to demonstrate how early warnings in barrier probability variations could have been observed and adequately managed to prevent escalation to severe consequences.     

废弃钻井泥浆的固化处理

废弃钻井泥浆的处理是油气勘探与开发工业中人们极为关注的。文章在分析废弃钻井泥浆性质的基础上，通过化学稳定与固化处理试验研究得出以水泥为主，烟炭，石灰等为添加剂的固化剂配方，实验结果表明，经固化处理的废弃泥浆，其固化产物重金属浸出率低，稳定性好，具有一定的抗氧强度，从而能有效地降低废弃泥浆对环境的污染危害，文中还对各种辅加剂对固化效果的影响进行了分析。     

对钻井废物污染的全过程控制

在钻井作业过程中控制废物的排放量和毒性，变末端处理为全过程控制，采取各种措施预防钻井废物的污染是近年来国外油气田环保工作的一项重要内容。本文就采用小井眼钻井工艺；减少井眼冲蚀；强化环境管理；提高钻井液固控系统的处理效率；开发各种合成基钻井液；采用低毒无害的钻井液化学添加剂等６个方面讨论了减少钻井废物产生量的途径和降低钻井液及添加剂对环境的影响     

钻井废水的处理

本文针对钻井废水的处理，综述了现有的处理方法、处理药剂以及处理装置，并对钻井废水的处理、排放提出了一些意见和建议。     

高含盐水样中悬浮物的准确测定

通过理论分析和大量实验工作，找出了现行国家标准的悬浮物测定方法在测定高含盐污水时的不足之处，并且提出了准确的测定方法。新方法不仅能很好地反映水样的实际状况，而且可以推广应用于各种复杂水样的悬浮物的测定。     

Soil microbial response to waste potassium silicate drilling fluid

Potassium silicate drilling fluids (PSDF) are a waste product of the oil and gas industry with potential for use in land reclamation. Few studies have examined the influence of PSDF on abundance and composition of soil bacteria and fungi. Soils from three representative locations for PSDF application in Alberta, Canada, with clay loam, loam and sand textures were studied with applications of unused, used once and used twice PSDF. For all three soils, applying ≥ 40 m³/ha of used PSDF significantly affected the existing soil microbial flora. No microbiota was detected in unused PSDF without soil. Adding used PSDF to soil significantly increased total fungal and aerobic bacterial colony forming units in dilution plate counts, and anaerobic denitrifying bacteria numbers in serial growth experiments. Used PSDF altered bacterial and fungal colony forming unit ratios of all three soils.     

盐矿钻井废弃泥浆无害化处理技术及工程应用研究

针对广安市大安镇盐矿钻井泥浆,为了达到无害化处理目的,设计了预处理→破胶→固化→无害化处理施工→无害化退场的处理工艺。结果表明:(1)聚合氯化铝铁(PFAC)为最佳破胶剂,其破胶效果优于氯化铁(FeCl_3)、聚合氯化铝(PAC)和硫酸铝(Al_2(SO_4)_3);(2)破胶处理后的出水COD浓度为6.48mg/L,COD降解率为99.41%;(3)通过无害化施工和安全退出,使得盐矿钻井废弃泥浆固化安全达到了无害化要求。不仅有效地解决了大安镇盐矿钻井废弃泥浆污染问题,而且有效改善了当地环境质量。     

百重7井区钻井液对地下水的污染特性研究

百重7井区有丰富的地下水资源，为了考察钻井过程中钻井液对地下水的污染程度，我们对钻井液对地下水的污染特性进行了研究。研究结果表明，在钻井过程中由于进入地下水水层中的污染物总量很小，同时由于所使用的钻井液添加剂的可生化性较好和生物毒性小，进入地下水水层的污染物不会对水源构成严重危害。另外由于地层有一定的自我净化能力，地下水水质不会因钻井而出现较大的变化。     

自激振荡磨料射流的基本理论与初步试验

自激振荡磨料射流是在自激振荡脉冲射流和前混合磨料射流基础上,提出的新型射流。为此,重点讨论了自激振荡磨料射流喷嘴的结构和工作原理,分析了脉冲频率和幅值等参数对磨粒加速效果的影响。根据初步研究表明,磨粒速度受脉冲频率和幅度影响很大,磨粒速度可超过前混合磨料射流中磨粒的速度,最大钻孔速度比前混合磨料射流提高４１％ 。这一成果有望用于坚硬物料的切割和特种加工、石油钻井、大洋采矿、难采矿体的开采、坚硬岩石巷道（遂道）掘进、表面清洗等领域。