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RAIMON GUITART RAQUEL CLAVERO RAFAEL MATEO MANUEL MÁÑEZ 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5):753-760
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) residue levels were determined in 53 unhatched eggs from greater roseus flamingos (Phoenicopterus ruber). Eggs were collected in 1996 from the National Park of Doñana (Guadalquivir marshes, Southwest Spain), immediately after one breeding colony abandoned the nesting site due to predator attacks. The main metabolite of p,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDE, was the OCP residue found at higher concentrations, with a geometric mean of 721 ng/g wet weight. Residues of other pesticides, including some hexachlorocyclohexane isomers, hexachlorobenzene, aldrin, heptachlor, and heptachlor-epoxide, were detected at much lower concentrations. The sum of PCBs was 528 ng/g, with PCB congeners #187 and #153 being the most prominent in eggs. The pattern observed in these compounds of industrial origin corresponded more to Aroclor 1260 than to any other commercial mixture. Levels of organochlorine residues indicate a medium degree of exposure, and they are not considered of any concern for the flamingo population. In particular, neither p,p′-DDE nor PCB levels were found to be correlated with the eggshell thickness. 相似文献
2.
Bettina Mahler Viviana A. Confalonieri Irby J. Lovette Juan C. Reboreda 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2008,62(7):1193-1199
For avian brood parasites in which individual females are host-specialists, the arms race between hosts and parasites has
favored egg color polymorphism in the parasite, with female lineages laying mimetic eggs that resemble those of the host species
they parasitize. Female sex-linked inheritance of egg color fosters evolutionary stability of egg polymorphism if female lineages
show both consistent eggshell color and host use. This co-evolutionary relationship is unlikely to occur if individual brood
parasites use different hosts or if egg color is not maternally inherited. The shiny cowbird (Molothrus bonariensis) is an extreme generalist brood parasite that shows a very high degree of egg polymorphism. We tested whether egg spotting
in this species has female sex-linked inheritance. If genetic factors controlling the expression of egg spotting were present
on the female-specific W chromosome, we expected co-segregation between spotting patterns and mtDNA haplotypes, as both W
and mtDNA are maternally inherited. In contrast to the known maternal inheritance of spotting patterns in great tits, we found
no associations between eggshell spotting and mtDNA haplotypes, which suggests that eggshell spotting is not maternally inherited
in this cowbird species. 相似文献
3.
We describe the first known embryo of a neoceratopsian dinosaur, perhaps the most ubiquitous Laurasian group of Cretaceous dinosaurs, which is preserved completely enclosed within an egg. This specimen was collected from Late Cretaceous beds of southern Mongolia, which commonly preserve fossils of the neoceratopsian, Yamaceratops dorngobiensis. The small egg was scanned using high-resolution X-ray computed tomography and digitally prepared from the matrix. The preserved and imaged elements support a diagnosis of the embryo to Neoceratopsia and allow preliminary observations of ontogenetic transformations within this group. The addition of an embryo also adds another important data point to the already impressive postnatal ontogenetic series that are available for this clade. 相似文献
4.
Eggshell colour does not predict measures of maternal investment in eggs of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Turdus</Emphasis> thrushes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Cassey P Ewen JG Blackburn TM Hauber ME Vorobyev M Marshall NJ 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2008,95(8):713-721
The striking diversity of avian eggshell colour has long fascinated biologists. Recently, it has been proposed that the blue-green colour of some eggs may function as a post-mating sexually selected signal of female phenotypic quality to their mates to induce higher allocation of paternal care. It has been suggested that maternally deposited yolk carotenoids may be the specific aspect of reproductive quality that the female is signalling via eggshell colour. We use the known properties of the thrush visual system (Turdus sp.) to calculate photon capture for the four single cone photoreceptors, and the principal member of the double cone class for eggs in clutches of two introduced European thrush species (Turdus merula and Turdus philomelos) in New Zealand. We show that differences in the avian-perceived colours of individual eggs are not consistently correlated with different measures of maternal investment in the egg. Given the growing extent of the knowledge between maternal quality, parental investment and eggshell pigmentation across avian taxa, we encourage the use of avian perceptual modelling for testing alternative non-signalling explanations for the structural and physiological basis of these relationships. 相似文献
5.
Anton Antonov Bård G. Stokke Arne Moksnes Oddmund Kleven Marcel Honza Eivin Røskaft 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2006,60(1):11-18
Eggs of several brood parasites have thicker and stronger shells than expected for their size. The present study evaluated
the puncture resistance hypothesis for the occurrence of thick-shelled eggs in common cuckoos Cuculus canorus by investigating costs of cuckoo egg ejection in four Acrocephalus warblers—the great reed warbler A. arundinaceus, reed warbler A. scirpaceus, marsh warbler A. palustris and sedge warbler A. schoenobaenus. The three latter species all suffered ejection costs, while ejection was not costly in the larger great reed warbler. The
occurrence of ejection costs was negatively related to host bill size. In the marsh warbler, we compared ejection costs in
naturally parasitized nests and two experimental treatments, in which broods were parasitized artificially with great reed
warbler and conspecific eggs. Hosts damaged their own eggs significantly more often when ejecting the thick-shelled cuckoo
eggs than when ejecting the similarly sized but thinner-shelled great reed warbler eggs, providing some support for the puncture
resistance hypothesis. Ejection of conspecific eggs did not involve any costs. Furthermore, contrary to predictions derived
from the laying damage hypothesis, there was no evidence that egg damage was associated with cuckoo egg laying. Hosts damaging
their own eggs during ejection were more likely to subsequently desert their clutches than those that did not. The frequency
of clutches smeared with the contents of the ejected egg were positively related to the hypothesized difficulty of foreign
egg puncturing. Potential advantages of thicker shells in common cuckoo eggs are discussed. 相似文献
6.
Weiqi Luo Yanping Ji Lu Qu Zhi Dang Yingying Xie Chengfang Yang Xueqin Tao Jianmin Zhou Guining Lu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2018,12(3):4
7.
This study aimed to investigate the impact of contamination by persistent organic pollutants (POPs) on Brazilian wildlife. The concentrations of certain POPs, including dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), in the eggs of the brown booby (Sula leucogaster) were measured. The eggs were collected from breeding colonies located on three archipelagos (Saint Peter and Saint Paul, Abrolhos and Cagarras Islands) in the Atlantic Ocean, which are located at different distances from the Brazilian coast (range 4-1010 km). In addition, possible alterations in eggshell characteristics were evaluated. The average values of POPs found in eggs from the archipelago of Saint Peter and Saint Paul (0.05 μg g−1 of ΣPCBs and 0.01 μg g−1 of ΣDDT) and the archipelago of Abrolhos (0.19 μg g−1 of ΣPCBs and 0.03 μg g−1 of ΣDDT) were low compared to the reference values reported in the literature. In contrast, the concentrations measured in eggs from Cagarras (8.4 μg g−1 of ΣPCBs and 1.8 μg g−1 of ΣDDT) were the highest, and this total PCB level is close to the threshold values considered to be harmful to birds. Our findings indicate that the brown booby colony closest to the Rio de Janeiro coast has recently been exposed to DDT. Despite the high pollution levels found on the Cagarras Islands, no alterations in the eggshell weight or the thickness of the analyzed eggs were detected. Hence, more detailed studies are recommended to determine the actual effects of the selected POPs on the Cagarras breeding colony. 相似文献
8.
Organohalogen exposure in a Eurasian Eagle owl (Bubo bubo) population from Southeastern Spain: temporal-spatial trends and risk assessment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gómez-Ramírez P Martínez-López E García-Fernández AJ Zweers AJ van den Brink NW 《Chemosphere》2012,88(8):903-911
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine insecticides (OCs) were analysed in 58 Eurasian Eagle owl (Bubo bubo) unhatched eggs collected between 2004 and 2009 in Southeastern Spain. Levels of p,p′-DDE were found to be higher than in eggs laid by other European owls in the same decade, probably due to the greater agricultural activity in our study area. Compared to other European raptors, exposure to PCBs can be considered intermediate, but low to PBDEs. Land use differences and prey availability were the rationale to divide the study area in two subareas in further assessments. Temporal trends of HCB, p,p′-DDE, β-HCH, PCBs and PBDEs were significantly different in each subarea, generally increasing over time in the Southern but decreasing or remaining stable in the Northern. On the contrary, levels of cyclodienes tended to decrease in both subareas. Dietary shifts with a greater amount of birds are suggested as a cause for increasing organochlorine loads in raptors. This may explain the increasing trend in the Southern territories. However, due to the proximity of most of these nests to Cartagena, an important industrial city, increasing environmental pollution cannot be ruled out. Although average levels of the compounds analysed are below threshold levels, 17% of the samples exceeded 400 pg g−1 ww (wet weight), the LOAEC for Total TEQs. Moreover, a negative correlation between TEQ concentrations and the metabolizable fraction of PCBs (Fprob = 0.0018) was found when TEQs values were above 10 pg g−1 ww. This could be indicative of hepatic enzymes induction in the birds exposed at higher concentrations, which are mainly breeding in the Southern subarea. These females could be suffering from Ah-receptor-related toxic effects, some of which have been related to altered bird reproduction. Finally, a significant negative correlation between p,p′-DDE levels and eggshell thickness (r = −0.469, p < 0.001) was observed, with about 17% of eggshell thinning for eggs with p,p′-DDE levels above 100 μg g −1 lw. The persistence of this degree of thinning over a period of time has been related to population declines in other raptor species. 相似文献
9.
Xu LQ Liu XD Sun LG Chen QQ Yan H Liu Y Luo YH Huang J 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(4):889-896
Ancient eggshells over the past 700 years were extracted from an ornithogenic sediment profile on Guangjin Island, South China Sea. Based on SEM and nitrogen isotope analyses, we determined that neither post-depositional processes nor seabirds’ dietary changes had a large influence on eggshell Hg levels. The historical change of Hg in these eggshells was reconstructed. Eggshell Hg was a marker for past Hg deposition in marine environment. The eggshell Hg showed three small peaks at around 1300AD, 1600 AD and 1700-1750AD and rapid increase since 1800 AD. Before 1970 AD the Hg deposition in the Xisha area had global distribution characteristics, with increased Hg emissions due to global anthropogenic activities in industrial times. However, after 1970 AD, a further sharp increase up to present day occurred, implying that the Hg production center had gradually shifted from Europe and America to Asia. 相似文献
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