污泥对樟子松生物量及其重金属积累和土壤重金属有效性的影响

采用盆栽试验研究了不同剂量污泥(体积分数,即污泥体积占污泥和沙土总体积的百分比,分别为:0、20%、33.3%、50%和100%)施用于风沙土条件下,污泥剂量对樟子松幼苗生物量及其对重金属的累积和土壤中重金属有效性的影响.结果表明,在养分含量低的风沙土中,施用污泥能够显著提高樟子松幼苗生物量,最适剂量为50%;污泥剂量的增加可促进樟子松植株对重金属的吸收和累积,在最适剂量(50%)条件下,樟子松植株中Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn的累积量分别是对照(不施污泥)的18.0、8.9、17.1、11.5倍;樟子松植株重金属吸收速率顺序为:ZnCuPbCd,而迁移系数顺序为:ZnCdCuPb;土壤中有效态重金属含量随污泥剂量的增加而增加,而植株收获后土壤中有效态重金属下降幅度均小于对照.     

Odour-guided social behaviour in newborn and young cats: an analytical survey

Summary. This article surveys early chemosensory mechanisms regulating behaviour in neonatal and juvenile domestic cats (Felis sylvestris catus). It aims to retrieve material from the available literature which may promote a better understanding of the semiochemical system that supports female-to-kitten exchanges. Studies dealing with the development of olfaction from birth through weaning are presented in three sections. The first aims at locating developmental periods suitable for applying analytical procedures combining behaviour and chemistry. The second section offers a survey of observational and experimental work related to the role of olfaction in the social and feeding behaviour of kittens before weaning. The final section traces the current knowledge on the odour sources and substrates that may be involved in early mother-kitten transactions.     

红花尔基樟子松林的防火对策研究

分析了红花尔基樟子松林带的自然环境、林火特点和森林防火现状,对该林区的林火预防和扑救工作提出了建议。     

Uptake of Cs by berries, mushrooms and needles of Scots pine in peatland forests after wood ash application

Increasing use of wood fuels for energy production in Finland since the 1990s implies that large quantities of the generated ashes will be available for forest fertilization. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of wood ash application on ¹³⁷Cs activity concentrations in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) needles and certain berries and mushrooms on drained peatlands. The study was based on field experiments carried out on two mires in Finland in 1997-1998. Two different types of wood ash were applied at dosages of 3500, 3700, 10 500 and 11 100 kg ha⁻¹. Wood ash did not increase ¹³⁷Cs activity concentration in plants in the second growing season following application. On the contrary, a decrease in ¹³⁷Cs activity concentration was seen in the plants of the ecosystem on drained peatlands. This result is of importance, for instance, when recycling of ash is being planned.     

Influences of excessive Cu on photosynthesis and growth in ectomycorrhizal Pinus sylvestris seedlings

Growth and photosynthesis responses were measured for Scots pine( Pinus sylvestris L. cv. ) inoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungi ( Suillus bovinus ) under 6.5 and 25 mg/L Cu treatments to evaluate ectomycorrhizal seedlings‘ tolerance to heavy metal stress. Results showed that excessive Cu can significantly impair the growth and photosynthesis of pine seedlings, but such impairment is much smaller to the ectomycorrhizal seedlings. Under 25mg/L Cu treatment, the dry weight of ectomycorrhizal seedlings is 25% lower than the control in contrary to 53% of the non-mycorrhizal seedlings, and the fresh weight of ectomycorrhizal roots was significantly higher than those of non-mycorrhizal roots, about 25% and 42% higher at 6.5 and 25 mg/L Cu treatments respectively. Furthermore,ectomycorrhizal fungi induced remarkable difference in the growth rate and pigment content of seedlings under excessive Cu stress. At 2.5 mg/L Cu, the contents of total chlorophyll, chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b were 30% higher in ectomycorrhizal plants than those in non-mycorrhizal plants. O2 evolution and electron transport of PSI and PSII were restrained by elevated Cu stress. However, no significant improvement was observed in reducing the physiological restraining in ectomycorrhizal seedlings over the non-mycorrhizal ones.     

RAINFALL ADDITAMENTS TO SUBSURFACE WATER IN A YOUNG PINE PLANTATION1

ABSTRACT: Effective rainfall is virtually equal to throughfall under most forest canopies. Average throughfall (as measured in trough gauges for a series of rainfall events) increased systematically with distance from tree stems in a young pine plantation. Empirical data suggest that the increase is proportional to the fourth root of distance, but any physical meaning of the relationship is obscure.     

Heavy metal accumulation by panicled goldenrain tree （Koelreuteria paniculata） and common elaeocarpus （Elaeocarpus decipens） in abandoned mine soils in southern China

Phytoremediation can be used as a sustainable technology for mine spoil remediation to remove heavy metals. This study investigated the concentration of 7 heavy metal contamination in soil and plant samples at an abandoned mine site. We found that, after vegetation remediation at the abandoned mine site, the reduction rates for 7 heavy metals were in the range of 4.2%–86%, where reduction rates over 50% were achieved for four heavy metals (Zn, Mn, Cd, Ni). Transfer coe cients of the panicled goldenrain tree (Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm) and the common elaeocarpus (Elaeocarpus decipens) for Zn, Mn, Ni, and Co were more than 1. Enrichment coe cients of both trees for Mn were higher than 1. Our results suggest that the panicled goldenrain tree and the common elaeocarpus tree may act as accumulators in remediation. Moreover, the woody vegetation remediation in abandoned mining areas play an important role in improving scenery besides removing heavy metal from contaminated soil.