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Robert Planqué Anna Dornhaus Nigel R. Franks Tim Kovacs James A. R. Marshall 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2007,61(3):347-356
Animals searching for food, mates, or a home often need to decide when to stop looking and choose the best option found so far. By re-analyzing experimental data from experiments by Mallon et al. (Behav Ecol Sociobiol 50:352–359, 2001), we demonstrate that house-hunting ant colonies are gradually more committed to new nests during the emigration. Early in house-hunting, individual ants were flexibly committed to new nest sites. However, when carrying to a new nest had started, ants hardly ever switched preference. Using a theoretical model based on experimental data, we test at which stage flexible commitment influences speed and accuracy most. We demonstrate that ant colonies have found a good compromise between impatience and procrastination. Early flexibility combined with later rigidity is identically effective as other strategies that include flexible commitment, but it is particularly good when emigration conditions are harsh. 相似文献
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Gabriele Gerlach 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1996,39(3):159-170
Emigration in small mammals may be strongly related to social factors, but direct observations of emigrants are rare. Feral
house mice (Mus domesticus) were studied using a population cage system that allowed continuous observation of individually marked animals. Mice that
left their natal cage and took up residence in cages that could only be reached by crossing a water barrier were defined as
emigrants. Six pairs of house mice with their litters were placed in the system, and data on aggressive interactions, body
weight, reproduction, mortality and emigration were collected daily. Both sexes emigrated, but males did so twice as often
as females. Population density was not correlated with the frequency of aggression, and had no effect on the weight of emigrating
individuals. Male emigrants suffered more aggression before emigration than their non-emigrant brothers of the same age; they
were aggressively driven out by other males, predominantly by the father. Female emigration depended on the female’s chances
of reproduction. The probability of a female reproducing decreased with increasing birth order. Females born in a late litter,
who therefore had only a low chance of reproduction, dispersed earlier than those of early litters. Resident males were reproductively
suppressed. Male offspring had two different strategies for attaining top rank. They could develop rapidly and reach sexual
maturity early on, but face competition with the father, risking being forced to emigrate. Alternatively, they could develop
slowly, stay within their family and wait for a chance to take over the dominant position. It is concluded that emigration
in male and female feral house mice is caused by intrasexual competition.
Received: 13 July 1995/Accepted after revision: 8 June 1996 相似文献
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Division of labour in a crisis: task allocation during colony emigration in the ant Leptothorax unifasciatus (Latr.) 总被引:2,自引:3,他引:2
Division of labour during colony emigration is widespread in ants. An important problem is how tasks are allocated during colony movement from one nest site to another. The generally favoured view is that emigrations are organised by a minority group of individuals, which either work unusually hard at tasks (elites) or have the exclusive task of carrying out the emigration (moving specialists). Five consecutive emigrations of a Leptothorax unifasciatus (Latr.) colony showed that the number of transporters, i.e. the individuals that took an active part in the emigration by transporting brood and ants, was smaller than it would have been if allocation of this task was random during each emigration. However, single emigrations of another three colonies, for which the spatial distribution and behaviour of the workers had been observed for a week prior to the emigration, demonstrated that the transporters did not form a homogeneous group. They differed in their spatial positions and tasks before the emigration. There was also no evidence that transporters worked harder or less hard than their nestmates before the emigration. Therefore, the individuals which carry out emigrations in L. unifasciatus colonies appear to be neither moving specialists nor elites. We propose that task allocation during emigrations of L. unifasciatus colonies is based on a feedback mechanism that involves learning. 相似文献
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