氧化还原体系低温引发丙烯酸酯乳液聚合安全风险研究

以甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸酯乙酯、丙烯酸酯丁酯为反应单体,十二烷基苯磺酸钠为乳化剂,过硫酸铵为氧化剂,亚硫酸氢钠为还原剂,在低温下进行乳液聚合。主要研究了反应单体的热稳定性及反应过程中的相关热力学参数,最后按照规定对该聚合体系进行了安全风险研究。研究结果表明,丙烯酸酯混合单体无热分解放热风险,丙烯酸酯乳液体系的绝热温升(△Tad)为49.6℃,失控体系能达到的最高温度(MTSR)为91.9℃,该体系的最终反应工艺危险度评估为1级,聚合工艺热风险低。     

环境空气中丙烯酸乙酯的气相色谱法测定

建立了环境空气中丙烯酸乙酯的TenaxGC吸附 -热解吸气相色谱测定方法。方法回收率为 87 3%～1 0 7 1 % ,变异系数为 5 3%～ 7 2 %。当采样体积为 2L时 ,检测限为 0 0 2mg/m3,具有采样时间短 ,不用任何溶剂等特点。     

Leaching characteristics of bisphenol A from epoxy-resin pavement materials

We investigated the leaching characteristics of bisphenol A (BPA) from two kinds of epoxy-resin pavement materials, one containing epoxy resins (EPs) and the other containing epoxy-acrylate resins (EPAs). Both samples contained residual BPA monomer, at levels of 9.0?µg?g^?1 for the EP resin sample and 4.4?µg?g^?1 for the EPA resin sample. These amounts were larger than amounts previously measured for polycarbonate samples. The amount of BPA leached from the samples increased with temperature. The leaching of BPA from EP was more strongly affected by temperature than the leaching from EPA. The pH also affected the amount of leached BPA. The maximum leached amount was observed under alkaline conditions (pH 10.8) for both sample types. The amounts of BPA that might leach from pavement materials during 1?h of heavy rain were estimated to be 0.9?µg?m^?2 for EP and 3.5?µg?m^?2 for EPA. Our results indicate that EPs disposed of in waste landfills without any treatment may be a source of BPA in leachate at landfill sites.     

螯合树脂去除丙烯酸丁酯废水中的二价阳离子

采用氨基膦酸螯合树脂C-900去除丙烯酸丁酯废水中的二价阳离子,考察了吸附温度和废水流量对树脂动态吸附性能的影响,并用Thomas模型进行动态吸附数据的拟合分析。实验结果表明,在吸附温度为35℃、废水流量为15SV的条件下,处理后出水中3种二价阳离子总质量浓度为1.0mg/L时的穿透体积为240BV,达到穿透体积时树脂对Ca²⁺,Mg²⁺,Cu²⁺的去除率分别为100%,99.2%,99.8%。     

Explosibility,flammability and the thermal decomposition of Bisphenol A,the main component of epoxy resin

Bisphenol A is one of the basic compounds used in a synthesis of polycarbonates and epoxy resins. Its dust can create an explosive mixture with air under specific circumstances. Therefore, the main goal of this research was to determine explosion characteristics and flammability behaviour of this compound. The complete flammability characteristic requires the determination of the basic parameters of Bisphenol A under fire conditions including Heat Release Rate, speed of combustion, ability to ignite and the temperature of the decomposition range. To establish those parameters, a cone calorimeter was used. The explosion characteristics were tested in a 20-L spherical vessel. Minimum Ignition Energy was tested on MINOR II Apparatus which is a modified Hartman's Tube. In order to identify hazardous substances generated during a fire involving Bisphenol A, a simultaneous thermal analysis that combines thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry was used. The substances obtained from the thermal degradation were analyzed by infrared spectroscope with Fourier transformation. Furthermore, the application of a Purser furnace and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry facilitated the identification of gaseous substances formed during the thermal degradation of Bisphenol A samples.     

Assessment of bisphenol A released from reusable plastic, aluminium and stainless steel water bottles

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a ubiquitous high volume industrial chemical that is an estrogen and an environmental endocrine disrupting chemical. Bisphenol A is used extensively in the production of consumer goods, polycarbonate plastics, epoxy resins and coatings used to line metallic food and beverage cans. There is great concern regarding the possible harmful effects from exposures that result from BPA leaching into foods and beverages from packaging or storage containers. The objective of this study was to independently assess whether BPA contamination of water was occurring from different types of reusable drinking bottles marketed as alternatives to BPA-containing polycarbonate plastics. Using a sensitive and quantitative BPA-specific competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay we evaluated whether BPA migrated into water stored in polycarbonate or copolyester plastic bottles, and different lined or unlined metallic reusable water bottles. At room temperature the concentration of BPA migrating from polycarbonate bottles ranged from 0.2 to 0.3 mg L⁻¹. Under identical conditions BPA migration from aluminium bottles lined with epoxy-based resins was variable depending on manufacturer ranging from 0.08 to 1.9 mg L⁻¹. Boiling water significantly increased migration of BPA from the epoxy lined bottles. No detectable BPA contamination was observed in water stored in bottles made from Tritan™ copolyester plastic, uncoated stainless steel, or aluminium lined with EcoCare™. The results from this study demonstrate that when used according to manufacturers’ recommendations reusable water bottles constructed from “BPA-free” alternative materials are suitable for consumption of beverages free of BPA contamination.     

丙烯酸酯类共聚物生产过程中职业病危害因素调查

通过对丙烯酸酯类共聚物生产过程中职业病危害因素进行调查,找出了职业病危害的关键控制点,并提出了防护要求。     

高压击穿电弧作用下开关柜内典型阻燃绝缘件引燃特性的实验研究

高压开关柜内的绝缘件失效故障,易引发火灾事故、区域停电甚至影响电网系统的稳定运行。基于高压击穿电弧模拟与材料引燃机理综合模拟实验平台,针对4 mm厚支柱绝缘子和固封极柱,开展了15 kV击穿电弧作用下的系列引燃实验研究。结果表明,高压电极横向击穿后,电弧迅速上翻形成自上而下“夹持”样品的倒“U”形弧柱,弧根与弧顶首先炭化或引燃。阻燃绝缘件样品顶部形成火焰后,随着燃烧的进行,逐渐从顶部形成穿透样品的内部击穿电弧,该电弧易诱发剧烈燃烧的水平喷射火焰。内部击穿电弧位置向下移动呈“2阶段”特征:在初始阶段较慢,支柱绝缘子和固封极柱样品内击穿点下移速度分别约为2.55 mm/s和1 .74 mm/s,而在第2阶段分别增大至78.50 mm/s和35.03 mm/s。此外,高压起弧瞬间,在紧邻电极上方的绝缘材料表面,升温速率可达180 ℃/s。研究结果可用于高压开关柜各类阻燃绝缘件的科学选型与优化设计,为开关柜防火安全性能的提升提供科学依据。     

生物滴滤塔同步降解多组分挥发性有机物的实验研究

采用定向驯化活性污泥接种生物滴滤塔(BTF)同时处理甲苯、甲醇、丙烯酸乙酯挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)混合废气,考察BTF的长期稳定运行性能及微生物平均代谢活性.结果表明,混合气进口浓度低于910mg/m3时,BTF对VOCs混合废气总去除率可维持在80%以上,BTF可高效同步净化中低浓度VOCs混合废气;当进气负荷>120g/(m3·h)时,去除负荷趋于稳定,为100g/(m3·h)左右;CO2的生成量与混合废气的去除负荷的比值为1.731,表明BTF对此3种混合废气有较高程度的矿化;BTF对甲苯、甲醇、丙烯酸乙酯的降解行为符合Michaelis-Menten动力学模型,单位体积最大降解速率rmax分别是为90.9,50.5,58.5 g/(m3·h).平均吸光度(AWCD)值分析结果表明塔内微生物具有较高的代谢活性.     

高浓度有机废水脱除燃煤烟气NOx的试验研究

为研发经济、高效的有机废物与烟气NO_x协同控制技术,分别采用丙烯酸钠、工业酒精和萘磺酸钠高浓度有机废水替代氨水、尿素等常用脱硝剂,在热态燃煤试验炉上,研究了T(烟气温度)、φ(O₂)、停留时间和废水与烟气混合方式等参数对烟气脱硝的影响. 结果表明:在烟气温度为1 190 K时,丙烯酸钠、酒精和萘磺酸钠高浓度有机废水的脱硝效率分别为12.7%、14.2%和9.1%;烟气温度为1 360 K时,三者的脱硝效率分别达到37.6%、39.8%和35.9%;烟气温度高于 1360 K后,脱硝效率下降. φ(O₂)从4.1%增至5.2%时,脱硝效率降低了约21.5%、13.1%和15.7%;而φ(O₂)升至6.8%时,脱硝效率降至11.2%~13.6%. 丙烯酸钠废水喷射入温度分别为1 185和1 303 K的烟气时,逆向喷入比正向喷入的脱硝效率分别提高30.4%和19.3%;停留时间从0.67 s升至0.82 s时,3类废水脱硝效率分别提高16.0%、18.8%和16.6%.