序批式反应器的水力停留时间的理论探讨

根据液龄分布函数是二元函数的观点．推导出了当进、出水流量是时间的函数时，反应器的水力停留时间的通用积分式和离散式；然后得出了序批式反应器(SBR）的水力停留时间(HRT)具体表达式，并分析了用现有方法计算其水力停留时间所产生的误差．结果表明，最大相对误差rmax仅与充水比λ有关．且呈正相关关系．取典型值λ=0．4时，rmax高达25％。     

The whole relationship between environmental variables and firm performance: Competitive advantage and firm resources as mediator variables

The examination of the possible direct link between environmental protection and firm performance in the literature has generally produced mixed results. The present paper contributes to the literature by using the resource-based view as a mediating process in this relationship. The study specifically tests whether or not the resource-based view of the firm mediates the positive relationships of proactive environmental management and improved environmental performance with competitive advantage, which also has consequences for financial performance. We also check the possible link between the adoption of a pioneering approach and good environmental management practices. Our findings support that early investment timing and intensity in environmental issues impact on the adoption of a proactive environmental management, which in turn helps to improve environmental performance. The findings also show that a firm's resources and competitive advantage act as mediator variables for a positive relationship between environmental protection and financial performance. This contribution is original because the present paper develops a comprehensive whole picture of this path process, which has previously only been partially discussed in the literature. In addition, this study clarifies a relevant point in the literature, namely that the effect of environmental protection on firm performance is not direct and can vary depending on the sector considered. Whereas competitive advantage in relation to costs influences financial performance in the IPPC law sector, the relevant influence in the hotel sector comes from competitive advantage through differentiation.     

推拉理论视角下的农村宅基地退出机制研究——基于南京市栖霞区农户意愿调查

以推拉理论为视角,分别从农村宅基地作为资源和资产属性以及拥有农村宅基地使用权的农民迁移到城市这两个角度,重新梳理影响农户宅基地退出意愿的因素,建立了农村宅基地退出影响因素的推拉分析框架。在理论分析的基础上,利用在南京市栖霞区农村实地调查得到的数据,建立二元Logistic模型归纳主要影响农户退出意愿的推力和拉力因素。研究发现,受教育水平、农户年总收入、家庭居住人口数和农户是否参加农村养老保险是宅基地退出的主要推动因素;而非农业收入占比、外出务工人口数、是否参加城镇养老保险、是否拥有城镇住所、是否有宅基地产权证书以及宅基地抵押权认知情况是影响宅基地退出的主要拉力因素。基于以上的影响因素分析,提出完善农村宅基地退出机制的政策建议。     

视野受限时出口指示标志对行人疏散的作用研究

为完善视野受限时的行人疏散理论,探讨了出口指示标志在行人疏散中的作用和其他影响疏散的因素。在前人工作的基础上,进一步阐述了视野受限时的疏散理论模型,统计估算了行人的疏散时间;并利用计算机仿真对比研究了出口指示标志在行人疏散过程中的作用。结果表明,出口指示标志能够明显地影响行人疏散过程中的动力学特征,避免了无出口指示标志时的盲目和绕行现象,优化了行人疏散路径,提高了疏散效率。同时发现,在不同出口宽度下大的视野距离会对疏散起积极作用;初始行人密度较小时,行人数量的变化对疏散时间影响不大;初始行人密度较大时,疏散时间与行人数量间呈线性关系。     

基于成本收益理论的宅基地自愿有偿退出有效阈值——以改革试点区宜城市为例

宅基地退出是有效缓解城乡建设用地之间的矛盾、促进乡村振兴的重要手段。在梳理宅基地有偿退出路径的基础上构建宅基地价值补偿体系,按照政府能承受、农户能接受、工作可持续的原则,基于成本收益理论科学测定在不同模式下宅基地自愿有偿退出的有效阈值。结果表明：（1）宅基地退出补偿阈值是农户能接受的最小值和政府能承受的最大值所组成的补偿范围。（2）农户退出宅基地损失的机会成本和退出总成本之和小于最小阈值时农户愿意有偿退出,最大阈值低于宅基地、地上附属设施权利价值和退出总成本之和。（3）“异地改造”模式下,政府处于主导地位,资金来源较少,实际补偿金额接近最小阈值。“一户多宅”模式下,政府和农户诉求相当,补偿金额偏向中位数。“整体搬迁”和“社区化”模式下,农户处于主导地位,政府补偿资金来源较多,实际补偿金额趋向最大阈值。     

排污收费对企业污染控制技术创新激励作用的研究

运用模型方法研究了排污收费和行政手段对企业污染控制技术创新的激励作用,为环境管理政策应用提供了理论依据。结果表明,无论对创新企业还是模拟企业,在“技术创新－创新扩散－最优啮合反应”的技术创新过程中,排污收费更能刺激企业的污染控制技术创新行为。     

车库出入口坡道噪声影响因素及预测

选取城市居住区中典型地下车库,在优化其出入口噪声采样点布置和同步采样点分组基础上,通过对噪声样本的声学分析,研究了车库出入口坡道噪声与坡道结构、坡度、线形、上下坡等相关因素的关系.通过对平直混凝土路面车库出入口噪声影响预测值的修正,建立了车库出入口坡道噪声影响预测模式.     

不同出口结构旋流板分离器内流场的数值模拟

基于Fluent软件,采用雷诺应力（RSM）湍流模型对不同出口结构分离器内气相旋流流场进行了数值模拟。模拟结果表明：分离器出口角度Ф变化对流场的影响显著,出口直径H变化对流场的影响甚微;有出口装置分离器内的切向速度均有所增加,最大切向速度向轴心方向移动。     

基于识别视距的特殊互通式立交出口区域主线线形指标分析

以特殊互通式立交出口区域主线为研究对象,分析了特殊互通式立交出口交通事故特征,运用汽车制动特性、人机工程学及交通心理学原理获取驾驶员在特殊互通式立交出口处的识别视距,且识别视距均比设计规范值高.以特殊互通式立交出口识别视距为基础,运用几何学及高速公路几何线形原理建立识别视距与立交区域主线圆曲线半径关系模型,运用VB程序开发软件,提出特殊互通式立交出口处满足识别视距不同车道数主线圆曲线半径一般值和最小值.结果表明:对待建高速公路互通式立交出口位置所在主线线形应分析识别视距,并应利用识别视距对主线线形指标验算;对已建成特殊互通式立交出口,应加强其安全保障措施,保证主线及驶离主线车辆行车安全.     

Entrepreneurial motivation: A review of the literature and an agenda for future research

Given the substantial impact that new ventures have on the global economy, understanding what motivates entrepreneurs is of both practical and theoretical importance. Although research on the nature, causes, and consequences of entrepreneurial motivation has grown rapidly, it has evolved in distinct theoretical silos that tend to isolate motives based on the phase of business development (e.g., initiation, growth, and exit) rather than acknowledge that individuals often traverse all these phases and experience multiple types of motivation throughout their entrepreneurial journey. To advance the study of motivation in the fields of entrepreneurship and organizational behavior and provide a means through which these advancements can contribute to our understanding of how motivation drives the start-up, growth, and exiting of businesses, we organize and review the extant literature on entrepreneurial motives based on the phases of the new venture process. In doing so, this article develops a roadmap of the current state of entrepreneurial motivation research and its nomological network and provides suggestions to guide future research in extending our understanding of motivation in the entrepreneurship domain as well as in traditional organizational settings.