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The Hamilton–Zuk hypothesis proposes that females prefer male secondary sexual traits because they are honest indicators of
parasite resistance. Despite the attention that this hypothesis has received, its role in sexual selection remains equivocal.
This study presents the first field test in guppies of two key predictions of the Hamilton–Zuk hypothesis: (1) that within
populations, the most highly ornamented males have the fewest parasites and (2) that among populations, males in high parasite
populations have the most conspicuous ornaments. Five hundred male guppies from 19 distinct populations in the Northern Range
of Trinidad were inspected for Gyrodactylus parasites and photographed. Eight measures of orange spot ornamentation were used to test the predictions: hue, saturation,
lightness, relative area, number, and area-weighted hue, saturation, and lightness. Parasite load had no significant effect
on any of these measures. There was also no relationship between orange spot ornamentation and parasite abundance among populations.
Guppies from high-predation environments had significantly more parasites, and their orange coloration was lighter and less
saturated than that in guppies from low-predation environments. Despite previous lab results, this study found no relationship
between parasite load and male orange spot ornamentation. 相似文献
2.
If males differ in their ability to attract potential mates, and are able to perceive such differences, theory predicts they should distribute themselves in a manner that increases their probability of obtaining potential matings. The relationship between male-male association patterns and the proximity of females in social groups, however, remains virtually unexplored. Experimental analysis of this relationship in the guppy, Poecilia reticulata, demonstrates that in preference tests males showed a strong tendency to associate with other males that were further away from potential mates than they were themselves. Male guppies pursue a behavioral strategy that involves categorizing other males based on their proximity (and possibly relative attractiveness) to females, remembering the identity of such individuals, and using this information when choosing between other males as associates. Such a strategy may increase a male's chances of being the individual chosen by a female assessing nearby males. 相似文献
3.
Robert Brooks 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1996,39(5):323-329
Models of sexual selection by female choice require heritable variation in female mating preferences in order for sexual
selection to operate. However, recent theoretical work shows that female preferences which are transmitted non-genetically
can result in exaggeration of male ornamentation. Guppies exhibit both mate copying and considerable heritable variation in
female preferences. I studied the importance of these phenomena by measuring repeatability of female mate choice, which acts
as an estimate of the upper limit to which a feature may be heritable, and the incidence of mate choice reversal in paired-trial
binary mate choice experiments. Mate choice was significantly repeatable except in the treatment where females were given
the opportunity to copy a female that contradicted their original choice. Apart from this, I found no evidence that females
copy the mate choice of others. The differences between males in ornamentation had no effect on the consistency of female
mate choice or the probability that they would reverse their original choice decision (in both controls and the copying experiment).
The interval between choice trials did not influence repeatability significantly, indicating that the independence of choice
decisions is not related to the time interval between them.
Received: 9 February 1996/Accepted after revision: 6 July 1996 相似文献
4.
有机氯化物分子连接性与毒性的相关性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
导出了用一阶价分子连接性指数(X)预测有机氯化物对Jia卑鱼毒性(logLC50)的相关方程。分子连接指数由化合物的分子结构很容易计算出。该相关性方程含有两个变量,预测有机氯化物的毒性范围达3.5个数量级。其相关系数和标准差分别为0.981和0.19。应用该相关方法可以预测大范围有机氯化物的毒性。 相似文献
5.
Darren P. Croft Jens Krause Safi K. Darden Indar W. Ramnarine Jolyon J. Faria Richard James 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2009,63(10):1495-1503
The social fine structure of a population plays a central role in ecological and evolutionary processes. Whilst many studies
have investigated how morphological traits such as size affect social structure of populations, comparatively little is known
about the influence of behaviours such as boldness and shyness. Using information on social interactions in a wild population
of Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata), we construct a social network. For each individual in the network, we quantify its behavioural phenotype using two measures
of boldness, predator inspection tendency, a repeatable and reliably measured behaviour well studied in the context of co-operation,
and shoaling tendency. We observe striking heterogeneity in contact patterns, with strong ties being positively assorted and
weak ties negatively assorted by our measured behavioural traits. Moreover, shy fish had more network connections than bold
fish and these were on average stronger. In other words, social fine structure is strongly influenced by behavioural trait.
We assert that such structure will have implications for the outcome of selection on behavioural traits and we speculate that
the observed positive assortment may act as an amplifier of selection contributing to the maintenance of co-operation during
predator inspection. 相似文献
6.
2,6-二硝基甲苯与4-硝基甲苯对虹鳉鱼的联合毒性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以虹锵鱼(Poecilia reticulata)为试验材料,进行了2.6-二硝基甲苯(2,6-DNT)与4-硝基甲苯(4-NT)的急性毒性和联合毒性研究。采用Marking相加指数法(AI)及相似性参数(λ)对联合毒性做出评价。两种评价方法得出一致的结论:在等毒性配比的条件下,两者为协同作用。 相似文献
7.
Kit Magellan Lars B. Pettersson Anne E. Magurran 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2005,58(4):366-374
Although many studies have examined the effects of male size on attractiveness and mating behaviour, few have taken genetic background into consideration. Phenotypic manipulation permits the experimental adjustment of morphological traits while keeping genetic background constant. Here, male guppies, Poecilia reticulata, an ideal model for this type of manipulation, were raised at different temperatures to produce sibling pairs that differed in size. These were then used to investigate male mating behaviour and male attractiveness, assessed through female mate choice, in relation to this size dimorphism. Further, male–male competition, which is intrinsic to male mating behaviour, is also likely to be affected by their size. Through the use of repeated measures analyses we demonstrate that females significantly prefer larger males and male size and competition significantly affect several aspects of male mating behaviour. Larger siblings perform more sneaky mating attempts and spend more time chasing females. The frequencies of both these behaviours increase with competition. While display frequency is unaffected by male size and competition, display duration and the amount of time spent attending females are reduced in the presence of competitors. This study highlights the use of phenotypic manipulation as a valuable tool for investigating behavioural interactions and confirms that both male size and competition are significant factors in the guppy mating system. 相似文献
8.
We studied female guppies from two populations (Trinidad and Jemez Springs, New Mexico) to determine their mating preferences,
the degree of consensus among females for particular male phenotypes, and the variation among females for the types of traits
they prefer. We recorded the visual responses of 68 Trinidad and 10 Jemez females in paired male trials. The three sexually-selected
male traits quantified were the area of orange color and iridescence on the body, and display behavior. Females from the Trinidad
population agreed in their choice of males in three of the eight replicates, and this agreement was based on display rate
rather than male color patterns. Females from the Jemez population showed no agreement in their preferences of males. Mating
preferences of females varied both between populations and among females of a population. In both populations, female preferences
were based primarily on courtship intensity and only secondarily on color pattern. However, females from both populations
differed in the relative importance of orange color and iridescence. The fact that females differ in criteria for evaluating
males has important implications for selection and maintenance of color polymorphisms and for the interactions among multiple
secondary sexual traits of males in the guppy.
Received: 5 December 1995/Accepted after revision: 7 June 1996 相似文献
9.
Grant E. Brown Camille J. Macnaughton Chris K. Elvidge Indar Ramnarine Jean-Guy J. Godin 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2009,63(5):699-706
The antipredator behaviour of prey organisms is shaped by a series of threat-sensitive trade-offs between the benefits associated
with successful predator avoidance and a suite of other fitness-related behaviours such as foraging, mating and territorial
defence. Recent research has shown that the overall intensity of antipredator response and the pattern of threat-sensitive
trade-offs are influenced by current conditions, including variability in predation risk over a period of days to weeks. In
this study, we tested the hypothesis that long-term predation pressure will likewise have shaped the nature of the threat-sensitive
antipredator behaviour of wild-caught Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata). Female guppies were collected from two populations that have evolved under high- and low-predation pressure, respectively,
in the Aripo River, Northern Mountain Range, Trinidad. Under laboratory conditions, we exposed shoals of three guppies to
varying concentrations of conspecific damage-released chemical alarm cues. Lower Aripo (high-predation) guppies exhibited
the strongest antipredator response when exposed to the highest alarm cue concentration and a graded decline in response intensity
with decreasing concentrations of alarm cue. Upper Aripo (low-predation) guppies, however, exhibited a nongraded (hypersensitive)
response pattern. Our results suggest that long-term predation pressure shapes not only the overall intensity of antipredator
responses of Trinidadian guppies but also their threat-sensitive behavioural response patterns. 相似文献
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