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1.
In ant societies, workers do not usually reproduce but gain indirect fitness benefits from raising related offspring produced
by the queen. One of the preconditions of this worker self-restraint is sufficient fertility of the queen. The queen is, therefore,
expected to signal her fertility. In Camponotus floridanus, workers can recognize the presence of a highly fertile queen via her eggs, which are marked with the queen's specific hydrocarbon
profile. If information on fertility is encoded in the hydrocarbon profile of eggs, we expect workers to be able to differentiate
between eggs from highly and weakly fertile queens. We found that workers discriminate between these eggs solely on the basis
of their hydrocarbon profiles which differ both qualitatively and quantitatively. This pattern is further supported by the
similarity of the egg profiles of workers and weakly fertile queens and the similar treatment of both kinds of eggs. Profiles
of queen eggs correspond to the cuticular hydrocarbon profiles of the respective queens. Changes in the cuticular profiles
are associated with the size of the colony the queen originates from and her current egg-laying rate. However, partial correlation
analysis indicates that only colony size predicts the cuticular profile. Colony size is a buffered indicator of queen fertility
as it is a consequence of queen productivity within a certain period of time, whereas daily egg-laying rate varies due to
cyclical oviposition. We conclude that surface hydrocarbons of eggs and the cuticular profiles of queens both signal queen
fertility, suggesting a major role of fertility signals in the regulation of reproduction in social insects. 相似文献
2.
Joel W. McGlothlin Deborah L. Duffy Jessica L. Henry-Freeman Ellen D. Ketterson 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2007,61(9):1391-1399
Sexually selected traits that act as signals of quality often display some degree of condition dependence. In birds, condition
dependence of ornamental plumage is often mediated by production costs related to acquisition or allocation of dietary resources.
White plumage ornaments, however, have often been assumed to be inexpensive because their production requires neither pigment
nor specialized feather structure. In male dark-eyed juncos (Junco hyemalis), the size of a white patch on the tail contributes to attractiveness and mating success. Using captive males, we examined
the effects of diet quality on the size and brightness of the tail-white patch. After removing four tail feathers to induce
replacement, we maintained subjects on a subsistence (low-protein) or enriched (high-protein) diet while induced feathers
grew. Birds that received an enriched diet grew their feathers more quickly and grew larger, brighter white patches. Feather
growth rate was positively correlated with the increase in the size of the tail-white patch, a relationship that was stronger
in the subsistence diet group. However, within diet treatments, faster-grown feathers were slightly duller. Taken together,
these results suggest that variation in diet quality may lead to condition-dependent expression of tail white and that condition
dependence may be stronger in more stressful environments. We suggest a mechanism by which increased feather growth rate may
lead to an increase in the size of the tail-white patch and discuss potential trade-offs between signal size and brightness. 相似文献
3.
Despite the vast literature on male courtship behaviour, little is known about the function and information content of female courtship behaviour. Female courtship behaviour may be important in many species, particularly where both sexes invest heavily in the offspring, and if such behaviours contain honest information regarding a females potential reproductive investment, they may be particularly important in male mate choice. Using observations of two female courtship behaviours (the rush and the twitch) from experimental pairings in the Banggai cardinalfish (Pterapogon kauderni), I addressed the question of whether these courtship behaviours contained information on female reproductive output (clutch weight) and egg maturity (proximity to spawning), traits commonly associated with male mate choice. I especially focused on the importance of these courtship behaviours in relation to other female characters, such as size and condition, using multiple regression. I found that one of these behaviours, the rush, was strongly associated with fecundity, whereas size, condition and the twitch were not. Further, I found that the twitch behaviour was associated with how close to actual spawning a female was. The results suggest that female courtship behaviour may convey highly important information in a mate choice context. I discuss the adaptive value of honest information in female courtship behaviour in light of these results.Communicated by K. Lindström 相似文献
4.
Julia?FischerEmail author Dawn?M.?Kitchen Robert?M.?Seyfarth Dorothy?L.?Cheney 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2004,56(2):140-148
Free-ranging adult male baboons give loud two-syllable wahoo calls during dawn choruses, interactions between groups, when chasing females, and in aggressive interactions with other males. Previous research has shown that the rate and duration of these contest wahoos are correlated with a males competitive ability: high-ranking males call more often, call at faster rates, and call for longer bouts than do low-ranking males. Here we report that acoustic features of wahoos also reveal information about male competitive ability. High-ranking males give wahoos with higher fundamental frequencies (F0) and longer hoo syllables. Within-subject analyses revealed that, as males fall in rank, the hoo syllables tend to shorten within a period of months. As males age and continue to fall in rank, F0 declines, hoo syllables shorten, and formant dispersion decreases. Independent of age and rank, within bouts of calling F0 declines and hoo syllables become shorter. Because wahoos are often given while males are running or leaping through trees, variation in these acoustic features may function as an indicator of a males stamina. The acoustic features of contest wahoos thus potentially allow listeners to assess a males competitive ability.Communicated by C. Nunn 相似文献
5.
Oliver Behr Mirjam Knörnschild Otto von Helversen 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2009,63(3):433-442
In many animal species, individuals compete for resources but avoid escalated conflicts by threat displays, i.e. a mutual
signalling behaviour that enables the opponents to predict the outcome of the conflict without the necessity of actual fighting.
For example, territory holders may use acoustic signals to communicate not only their own identity and the borders of their
territory but also their competitive quality, fighting ability and motivation. Here, we show that male sac-winged bats, Saccopteryx bilineata, adjust their vocal territorial displays according to the fundamental frequency of territorial songs of their opponents.
In playback experiments with territorial males, low-frequency stimuli elicited a higher territorial song rate and length than
high-frequency stimuli. Male S. bilineata that sing more often and with lower fundamental frequencies have been shown to sire more offspring than their competitors.
Fundamental frequency of territorial songs, hence, may reveal male quality and, consequently, the resulting threat posed to
competing males. We argue that this is reflected in the increased response of competitors to low-frequency territorial songs
shown here. Such competitive signalling behaviour has been shown in a few mammal species like red deer and baboons but, thus
far, not in bats.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
6.
In this commentary, we discuss recent experiments on the reliability of bird song as a signal of aggressive intent during
territorial conflicts. We outline relevant theoretical views on honest signaling, highlighting the vulnerability handicap
hypothesis as a possible explanation for soft song’s reliability in predicting attack. We also sketch possible methods of
testing whether soft song agrees with key predictions of the vulnerability handicap hypothesis. Finally, we suggest possible
empirical refinements that may be useful in future studies of signals of intent, both in birds and in animals broadly. In
particular, we argue that future studies of intent should strive to incorporate the following elements into their experimental
design: (1) multi-modal signal components, (2) interaction dynamics, and (3) minimal time intervals. Simulated exchanges using
dynamically interactive models may provide a powerful means of incorporating all three of these design features simultaneously.
相似文献
Mark E. LaidreEmail: |
7.
张桂华 《湖南环境生物职业技术学院学报》2003,9(4):347-350
广告文案是广告创作的主体,在文案创作中,应做到主题明确、内容真实、结构简明,另外,还要注意语言科学,要求用词简明扼要、生动新颖,具有适应性和心理鼓动性。 相似文献
8.
Lorenzo Pérez-Rodríguez 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2008,62(6):995-1005
Carotenoid-based ornaments act as signals of quality in many animal species. In contrast to feathers, which are relatively
stable structures, carotenoid-pigmented integuments (e.g. bills, lores, tarsi) can change colour rapidly and may better reflect
changes in physiological condition. I studied the seasonal variations in plasma carotenoids in red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa) kept on a constant diet and free of intestinal parasites. Furthermore, I analyzed whether seasonal changes in circulating
carotenoids were mirrored by the carotenoid-based coloration of eye rings and bill of this species. Plasma carotenoids showed
seasonal variation, with higher levels coinciding with the end of the mating and the start of the laying season. Eye ring
pigmentation was related to plasma carotenoid levels, and changes in bill hue (but not changes in UV or red bill chroma) mirrored
the variation in plasma carotenoids during the breeding season. Despite the seasonal variation, individual differences in
eye ring pigmentation and bill hue, UV and red chroma were consistent throughout the breeding season. Similarly, individual
differences in eye ring pigmentation and bill hue and red chroma remained consistent between consecutive years. These results
suggest that carotenoid based integumentary colorations act as dynamic traits that accurately reflect the carotenoid-status
of individuals, thus reliably indicating consistent differences in individual quality. Furthermore, variability in signal
expression appears to have a relevant genetic/phenotypic basis independently of environmental conditions.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
9.
We studied mate attraction by females of the praying mantid, Tenodera aridifolia sinensis, testing honest signaling of mate availability versus deceptive signaling to attract males for sexual cannibalism. We experimentally
varied female diet and mating history and measured the rate of attraction of a wild population of males to caged females.
Honest signaling theory predicts that virgin females will attract males at the greatest rate whereas deceptive signaling predicts
that hungry females (which are more likely to cannibalize males) will attract more males, particularly among non-virgin females.
Our results show that hungry females did not attract more males than well-fed females. Indeed, the opposite was true: hungry
females attracted significantly fewer males. Moreover, hungry females were no more likely than well-fed females to attract
males subsequent to mating, and mated females attracted males at a lower rate than did virgin females. We also observed female
T. aridifolia sinensis and male Mantis religiosa arriving at the caged females and we discuss the significance of these observations. The results refute the hypothesis of
deceptive signaling and show that mate attraction signals of female T. aridifolia sinensis are honest indicators of female mate availability and a lower risk of sexual cannibalism. 相似文献
10.
Henrik Brumm 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2009,63(8):1157-1165
Bird song is a sexually selected multidimensional signal. A fundamental question regarding the evolution of sexually selected
signals is what information they convey and how their honesty is maintained. Song amplitude is a performance-related signal
trait that varies considerably between individuals, but this signal dimension has been neglected in past studies. I found
that median song amplitude in male nightingales (Luscinia megarhynchos) and zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) did not vary significantly with body size or residual body mass. In contrast, I found a significant negative correlation
between body size (and also residual mass) and the maximum song amplitude during interactive singing in nightingales. However,
the function of these more subtle differences in song amplitude remains to be investigated. By and large, the results of this
study suggest that mean song amplitude is unlikely to indicate a bird’s body size or current condition (measured as residual
mass). 相似文献