利用混合C9重芳烃回收磺酸盐装置的技术经济分析

介绍了回收磺酸盐生产工艺 ,对其装置的产品成本进行了测算 ,并对盈亏平衡及其敏感性进行了分析 ,进而确定了主要经济指标。     

Assessing wetland changes in the venice lagoon by means of satellite remote sensing data

Not only does lagoon ecology represent a transitional zone between the sea and the continent but it also expresses the equilibrium belt between erosion and sedimentation processes. Within the framework of a coastal management scheme, a precise and timely mapping of morphological changes in this environment is important. This paper illustrates the possible contribution of multi-temporal satellite observations in the monitoring of the erosion/sedimentation processes of coastal zones, where landscape features are subjected to highly morphodynamical modifications. In particular, an improved mapping accuracy was obtained by the successive application of the Maximum Likelihood (MLH) classifier and the Linear Mixture Model (LMM) techniques to the satellite image classification procedure. In fact, by estimating the amount of shallow water and wetland within each satellite pixel, the LMM technique allows for an accurate mapping of the transitional zones in the lagoon environment, thus permitting an optimal separation between land and water. The study concerns the Venice lagoon (Italy) which has been sinking slowly since the beginning of this century. This has led to widespread loss of wetlands. In order to monitor the development of the land cover, four Landsat Thematic Mapper scenes were examined, during the period 1984 to 1993. The results obtained proved that the digital analysis method of multitemporal satellite imagery, applied over a selected test area, enables the evolution of an estuarine environment landscape, with its different sequences of erosion and periods of accretion, to be monitored. The significant influence of tidal stages is discussed in the data analysis.     

应用淡水发光菌研究二元重金属混合物的联合毒性

应用新型淡水发光菌一青海弧菌Q67(Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.nov-Q67)发光值的测定。对铜锌、铜汞、铜镉、铜镍等4种重金属混合物的联合毒性进行了评价。结果表明。铜锌混合物对Q67的联合毒性等于两者的毒性之和。作用方式表现为加和作用：铜汞、铜镉、铜镍3种混合物对Q67的联合毒性则表现为拮抗作用。     

Mixture Toxicity of the Antifouling Compound Irgarol to the Marine Phytoplankton Species Dunaliella tertiolecta

This study examined the toxicity of irgarol, individually and in binary mixtures with three other pesticides (the fungicide chlorothalonil, and the herbicides atrazine and 2,4-D), to the marine phytoplankton species Dunaliella tertiolecta. Standard 96-h static algal bioassays were used to determine pesticide effects on population growth rate. Irgarol significantly inhibited D. tertiolecta growth rate at concentrations ≥ 0.27 μ g/L. Irgarol was significantly more toxic to D. tertiolecta than the other pesticides tested (irgarol 96 h EC₅₀ = 0.7 μ g/L; chlorothalonil 96 h EC₅₀ = 64 μ g/L; atrazine 96 h EC₅₀ = 69 μ g/L; 2,4-D 96 h EC₅₀ = 45,000 μ g/L). Irgarol in mixture with chlorothalonil exhibited synergistic toxicity to D. tertiolecta, with the mixture being approximately 1.5 times more toxic than the individual compounds. Irgarol and atrazine, both triazine herbicides, were additive in mixture. The toxicity threshold of 2,4-D was much greater than typical environmental levels and would not be expected to influence irgarol toxicity. Based on these interactions, overlap of certain pesticide applications in the coastal zone may increase the toxicological risk to resident phytoplankton populations.     

一种改善工作环境利于人身健康的自动监控系统

有些特定的工作环境，在不能够确定空气状态参数的情况下，不允许对其进行通风处理。本文介绍了一种可以在线检测空气状态，并根据判定标志，自动开启换气设备的智能仪器。它对于工作环境的改善，人身健康的保护，仪器使用及物品存放的安全都具有较高的实用和推广价值。     

HPLC法测定复方甘草合剂中甘草苷的含量

建立HPLC法测定了复方甘草合剂中甘草苷的含量.以Shim-pack CLC-DOS 150mm×4.6mm(5μm)为分析柱,乙腈-0.5 醋酸(15∶85)为流动相,流速为1.0 ml·min-1,检测波长为276nm,采用外标法定量测定.结果表明,甘草苷在5～25μg·ml-1范围内呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9998);其高、中、低3个量的平均回收率分别为99.57%、99.41%、98.76%,RSD分别为0.46%、0.72%、0.69%(n=6).本方法简便可靠,重现性好,可作为复方甘草合剂质量控制方法.     

落地油泥污染及油土分离处理的工艺研究

对落地油泥的组成、性质及其对环境的污染进行了调查和分析;根据落地油泥油土分离小型试验的结果,进行了 0.5t/h油土分离的放大试验。     

Effects of the aquatic contaminant human pharmaceuticals and their mixtures on the proliferation and migratory responses of the bioindicator freshwater ciliate Tetrahymena

An increasing attention is paid to the potential harmful effects of aquatic contaminant pharmaceuticals exerted on both biosystems and humans. In the present work the effects of 14 pharmaceuticals including NSAIDs, antibiotics, β-blockers and a frequently used X-ray contrast media on the proliferation and migratory behavior of the freshwater ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis was investigated. Moreover, the mixture toxicity of four selected pharmaceuticals (diclofenac, ibuprofen, metoprolol and propranolol) was evaluated in binary mixtures using full factorial experimental design. Our results showed that the sensitivity of Tetrahymena to NSAIDs and β-blockers (EC₅₀ ranged from 4.8 mg L⁻¹ to 308.1 mg L⁻¹) was comparable to that of algal or Daphnia bioassays. Based on these elevated EC₅₀ values acute toxic effects of these pharmaceuticals to T. pyriformis are unlikely. Antibiotics and the contrast agent sodium-diatrizoate had no proliferation inhibiting effect. Chemotactic response of Tetrahymena was more sensible than proliferation as significant chemorepellent action was observed in the environmentally realistic concentration range for acetylsalicylic acid, diclofenac, fenoprofen, paracetamol, metoprolol, propranolol, timolol and trimethoprim (Chemotaxis Index ranged from 63% to 88%).Mixture toxicity experiments resulted in a complex, concentration dependent interaction type pattern with antagonism being the predominant interaction type (59%) followed by additivity (37%) and synergism (4%). Hence the concept of concentration addition validated for NSAIDs in other organisms cannot be adopted for this ciliate.In summary authors suggest Tetrahymena as a sensible model of testing aquatic contaminants as well as underline the significance using more specific endpoints to understand the complex mechanisms investigated.     

A comparison of mixture toxicity assessment: examining the chronic toxicity of atrazine, permethrin and chlorothalonil in mixtures to Ceriodaphnia cf. dubia

Pesticides predominantly occur in aquatic ecosystems as mixtures of varying complexity, yet relatively few studies have examined the toxicity of pesticide mixtures. Atrazine, chlorothalonil and permethrin are widely used pesticides that have different modes of action. This study examined the chronic toxicities (7-d reproductive impairment) of these pesticides in binary and ternary mixtures to the freshwater cladoceran Ceriodaphnia cf. dubia. The toxicity of the mixtures was compared to that predicted by the independent action (IA) model for mixtures, as this is the most appropriate model for chemicals with different modes of action. Following this they were compared to the toxicity predicted by the concentration addition (CA) model for mixtures. According to the IA model, the toxicity of the chlorothalonil plus atrazine mixture conformed to antagonism, while that of chlorothalonil and permethrin conformed to synergism. The toxicity of the atrazine and permethrin mixture as well as the ternary mixture conformed to IA implying there was either no interaction between the components of these mixtures and/or in the case of the ternary mixture the interactions cancelled each other out to result in IA. The synergistic and antagonistic mixtures deviated from IA by factors greater than 3 and less than 2.5, respectively. When the toxicity of the mixtures was compared to the predictions of the CA model, the binary mixture of chlorothalonil plus atrazine, permethrin plus atrazine and the ternary mixture all conformed to antagonism, while the binary mixture of chlorothalonil plus permethrin conformed to CA. Using the CA model provided estimates of mixture toxicity that did not markedly underestimate the measured toxicity, unlike the IA model, and therefore the CA model is the most suitable to use in ecological risk assessments of these pesticides.     

Evaluation of mixture effects in a crude extract of compost using the CALUX bioassay and HPLC fractionation

Potential synergistic interactions between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a household sewage sludge compost extract were investigated using the Dioxin-Responsive Chemical-Activated Luciferase gene eXpression (DR-CALUX) assay and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) fractionation. The biological activity of the crude extract was measured in vitro using the CALUX assay. The CALUX activity of the extract was as potent as 360-pg CALUX-TEQ (2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalent value) per g sample, this was 70 times above the WHO-TEQ value which was derived from chemical analyses of dioxins/furans and dioxin-like PCBs of the mixture. The CALUX activity pattern of the crude extract and the retention times of 26 polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs), as determined by RP-HPLC on an octadecylsilica column, suggested that the dioxin-like compounds with the log K(OW) (n-octanol/water partition coefficient) values corresponding to 6.0-7.0 contributed highly to the whole activity. The CALUX activity of the crude extract was three times the sum of the CALUX activities of the RP-HPLC separated fractions. Mixture effects were assessed by co-exposure of each HPLC fraction and 2,3,7,8-TCDD to the cells. The four concentration levels of added 2,3,7,8-TCDD corresponded to the TEQ value in the original compost sample. The experimental CALUX activity was higher than the predicted CALUX activity for some fractions. It was demonstrated that some compounds in the compost sample interacted synergistically with 2,3,7,8-TCDD in terms of dioxin-like activity. This finding points out the necessity for detailed investigation of synergistic effects in environmental samples.