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排序方式: 共有131条查询结果,搜索用时 556 毫秒
1.
根据环境投资项目方案优选所具有的灰色特性.将灰色系统决策法用于此优选过程.经实例分析表明,灰色系统决策原理简单、计算方便、赋权合理、精确度高、决策结果符合客观实际. 相似文献
2.
水环境监测点位优化数学模型探讨 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
根据雨山湖的环境特征和水质状况,在加密监测获取更多的信息的基础上应用多元统计定量分析,选用主成份分析统计模式,用编制计算机程序处理数据,获得优化点数和确定点位.经可靠性检验证明优化方案完全能满足环境监测和环境管理的要求. 相似文献
3.
脲酶抑制法检测环境样品中重金属离子研究 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
为探索利用脲酶快速检测环境样品中重金属离子的最佳条件,系统研究了重金属和缓冲液类型及其浓度对脲酶抑制率的影响。结果表明,不同浓度缓冲液中重金属离子浓度与脲酶抑制率呈显著的相关性,表现为随着重金属离子浓度的增加,脲酶抑制率也提高。缓冲液类型和浓度均能影响重金属对脲酶的抑制作用,其中磷酸缓冲液中,无论是Hg^2 还是Cu^2 对脲酶活性均有较强的抑制作用:在柠檬酸缓冲液中2种离子对脲酶的抑制作用存在显著差异。建立脲酶抑制检测技术的关键是选择合适的缓冲系统。此结果为脲酶抑制法在快速检测重金属离子中最佳检测条件的选择提供了理论依据。 相似文献
4.
Host selection and infection strategies of parasitoids often correlate with high parental investment and low numbers of progeny.
In this study, we investigate how additional internal mechanisms might shape brood size and fitness of the offspring. Emblemasoma auditrix is a parasitoid fly in which about 38 larvae hatch simultaneously in utero. After host location, a single larva is deposited
into the host, where it rapidly develops and pupates after about 5 days. The search for hosts can take several weeks, and
during that time, the larvae arrest their development and remain in the first larval instar. Nevertheless, the larvae increase
in weight within the uterus, and this growth correlates to a decrease in the number of larvae, although no larvae are deposited.
Thus, our data indicate a first case of prenatal cannibalism in an invertebrate with larvae feeding on each other within the
uterus of the adult. 相似文献
5.
工业水的处理一直以来都是环境工程当中十分重要的一个环节,而要做好这一环节就需要针对其中存在的问题进行科学合理的优化控制过程,本文从这一点出发,提出工业水处理过程中相关的工作内容。 相似文献
6.
Determining a remeasurement frequency of variables over time is required in monitoring environmental systems. This article
demonstrates methods based on regression modeling and spatio-temporal variability to determine the time interval to remeasure
the ground and vegetation cover factor on permanent plots for monitoring a soil erosion system. The spatio-temporal variability
methods include use of historical data to predict semivariograms, modeling average temporal variability, and temporal interpolation
by two-step kriging. The results show that for the cover factor, the relative errors of the prediction increase with an increased
length of time interval between remeasurements when using the regression and semivariogram models. Given precision or accuracy
requirements, appropriate time intervals can be determined. However, the remeasurement frequency also varies depending on
the prediction interval time. As an alternative method, the range parameter of a semivariogram model can be used to quantify
average temporal variability that approximates the maximum time interval between remeasurements. This method is simpler than
regression and semivariogram modeling, but it requires a long-term dataset based on permanent plots. In addition, the temporal
interpolation by two-step kriging is also used to determine the time interval. This method is applicable when remeasurements
in time are not sufficient. If spatial and temporal remeasurements are sufficient, it can be expanded and applied to design
spatial and temporal sampling simultaneously. 相似文献
7.
Since WWII, forest management in Fennoscandia has primarily been based on even-aged stand management, clear cut harvesting and thinning from below. As an alternative, uneven-aged management, based on selection cutting of individual trees or small groups of trees, has been proposed. In this review we discuss the theoretical aspects of ecology and economics of the two management approaches. We also review peer-reviewed studies from boreal Fennoscandia, which have aimed at comparing the outcomes of uneven-aged and the conventional even-aged forest management. According to a common view the main obstacle of practicing uneven-aged forestry is its low economic performance. However, the reviewed studies did not offer any straightforward support for this view and several studies have found uneven-aged management to be fully competitive with existing even-aged management. Studies on the ecological aspects indicated that selection cuttings maintain mature or late-successional forest characteristics and species assemblages better than even-aged management, at least at the stand scale and in the short term. We conclude that although the number of relevant studies has increased in recent years, the ecological and economic performance of alternative management methods still remains poorly examined, especially for those stands with multiple tree species and also at wider spatial and temporal scales. For future research we advocate a strategy that fully takes into consideration the interdisciplinary nature of forest management and is better connected to social goals and latest theoretical and methodological developments in ecology and economics. 相似文献
8.
Gideon Fishelson 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1973,9(4):801-815
The study contains the methodology of finding the optimal time to start the operation of a desalting plant or any other non conventional source of water for agricultural use in Israel. The essence of the methodology is the moving equilibrium price and quantity of agricultural products. The market of agricultural products is represented by a single demand curve and a supply curve which is derived from the agricultural sector production function. Both the demand for and the supply of agricultural products functions are shifting over time. The marginal value product of water is the critical value that determines the optimal time of a desalting plant. The study is static in the sense that dynamic aspects per se are not dealt with-e.g. learning by doing of building and operating desalting plants. The empirical results although used for illustrative purposes can be used as reference points for other detailed and more ‘exact’ studies on water desalination. 相似文献
9.
Without any incentive to clean up a contaminated site, remediation is often delayed until the site owner is compelled to act by regulatory agencies. In such a context, the selected technology is typically the one that will reach the remediation goals as quickly as possible. Unfortunately, this criterion is often met by overly expensive technologies, resulting in high and sometimes unaffordable total remediation costs, leading to a remediation with a negative net benefit. This study examines the effects of time constraint and benefit value on the optimal remediation strategy for a diesel-contaminated site. This strategy is developed using the technico-economic model METEORS, which takes into account the technology’s effectiveness, the uncertainty of the level of contamination, and the possibility of reducing this uncertainty through either an additional characterization (before selecting and applying a technology) or the monitoring of the remediation technology (during its use). Results of simulations with both economic and temporal constraints support a proactive approach to site remediation. 相似文献
10.
Vincent Careau Jean-François Giroux Dominique Berteaux 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2007,62(1):87-96
Food-hoarding animals are expected to preferentially cache items with lower perishability and/or higher consumption time.
We observed arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) foraging in a greater snow goose (Anser caerulescens atlanticus) colony where the main prey of foxes consisted of goose eggs, goslings, and lemmings (Lemmus and Dicrostonyx spp.). We recorded the number of prey consumed and cached and the time that foxes invested in these activities. Foxes took
more time to consume a goose egg than a lemming or gosling but cached a greater proportion of eggs than the other prey type.
This may be caused by the eggshell, which presumably decreases the perishability and/or pilfering risk of cached eggs, but
also increases egg consumption time. Arctic foxes usually recached goose eggs but rarely recached goslings or lemmings. We
tested whether the rapid-sequestering hypothesis could explain this recaching behavior. According to this hypothesis, arctic
foxes may adopt a two-stage strategy allowing both to maximize egg acquisition rate in an undefended nest and subsequently
secure eggs in potentially safer sites. Foxes spent more time carrying an egg and traveled greater distances when establishing
a secondary than a primary cache. To gain further information on the location and subsequent fate of cached eggs, we used
dummy eggs containing radio transmitters. Lifespan of primary caches increased with distance from the goose nest. Secondary
caches were generally located farther from the nest and had a longer lifespan than primary caches. Behavioral observations
and the radio-tagged egg technique both gave results supporting the rapid-sequestering hypothesis. 相似文献