厦门海域僧帽牡蛎生化指标与有机污染物的相关性

研究了厦门海域4个地点的僧帽牡蛎(Ostreacucullata)全组织中有机氯农药(HCHs、DDTs)和多氯联苯(PCBs)的总含量及其与消化腺的总SOD、GSH、总抗氧化能力、MDA、EROD和GST活性(含量)之间的关系.结果表明,采自大嶝岛的牡蛎全组织HCHs含量最高;采自集美的牡蛎全组织DDTs和PCBs含量最高.消化腺总SOD活性、总抗氧化能力均随着组织内有机物含量的增加而减少,呈现一定的负相关性.EROD活性与DDTs和PCBs含量呈现很好的相关性,对于指示海洋中有机氯农药和多氯联苯类物质污染程度有着较好的应用前景.     

Loss of an ecological baseline through the eradication of oyster reefs from coastal ecosystems and human memory

Oyster reefs form over extensive areas and the diversity and productivity of sheltered coasts depend on them. Due to the relatively recent population growth of coastal settlements in Australia, we were able to evaluate the collapse and extirpation of native oyster reefs (Ostrea angasi) over the course of a commercial fishery. We used historical records to quantify commercial catch of O. angasi in southern Australia from early colonization, around 1836, to some of the last recorded catches in 1944 and used our estimates of catch and effort to map their past distribution and assess oyster abundance over 180 years. Significant declines in catch and effort occurred from 1886 to 1946 and no native oyster reefs occur today, but historically oyster reefs extended across more than 1,500 km of coastline. That oyster reefs were characteristic of much of the coastline of South Australia from 1836 to 1910 appears not to be known because there is no contemporary consideration of their ecological and economic value. Based on the concept of a shifted baseline, we consider this contemporary state to reflect a collective, intergenerational amnesia. Our model of generational amnesia accounts for differences in intergenerational expectations of food, economic value, and ecosystem services of nearshore areas. An ecological system that once surrounded much of the coast and possibly the past presence of oyster reefs altogether may be forgotten and could not only undermine progress towards their recovery, but also reduce our expectations of these coastal ecosystems. La Pérdida de una Línea de Base Ecológica por Medio de la Erradicación de Arrecifes de Ostión de los Ecosistemas Costeros y la Memoria Humana     

海洋双壳类谷胱甘肽S-转移酶活性测定条件的优化

以僧帽牡蛎(Ostrea cucullata)为材料,提取鳃的谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(glutathione s-transferase, GST),测定GST(包括GSTs、GST-π、GST- μ)在不同温度、底物浓度、缓冲液pH条件下的活性,从而确定酶活性测定的最佳条件.结果表明:(1) GSTs活性测定的最佳条件:GSH终浓度2 mmol/L,测定温度31℃,PBS pH 6.5,CDNB终浓度1.5 mmol/L;(2) GST-π活性测定的最佳条件:GSH终浓度2.5 mmol/L,测定温度为29℃,PBS pH7.75,ECA的终浓度2.5 mmol/L;(3) GST-μ活性测定的最佳条件:GSH的终浓度5 mmol/L,外界环境温度为29 ℃,PBS pH 6.0,DCNB的终浓度1.50 mmol/L.