生态资本运营理论在西部地区的应用

在介绍生态资本运营的基本理论基础上,结合我国西部地区特点分析了该地区进行生态资本运营的可行性与重要意义,并对该地区生态资本运营进行了经验实证,提出了相关的保障机制.创新之处在于,把生态资本运营理论与西部地区的具体实践结合起来提出相关措施,对西部地区生态资本运营具有一定的借鉴意义.     

中国东中西部经济带的水环境库兹涅茨假说实证及其影响因素研究

“八五”至“十二五”期间,中国取得巨大的经济成果的同时带来了严重的水环境污染问题.文章分析了东中西部三大经济带经济发展及COD和氨氮两种主要水污染排放的差异,及其与经济发展的关系进行了EKC假说的实证研究.研究结果表明,部分污染物的拟合曲线尚处于上升阶段,未能出现典型的倒U型曲线,可能导致水环境质量恶化.环境基础设施建设、人口分布和产业结构等因素与COD和氨氮的排放量密切相关,因此,中国必须采取各种环境管理和技术手段,促使区域水污染物排放量指标与经济发展的拟合曲线出现转折点,改善水环境质量.     

WATER FOR ENERGY: AN APPROACH TO COMPREHENSIVE IMPACT ASSESSMENT1

ABSTRACT: The effects of energy development on the water resources of the Colorado River and Great Basin regions is expected to be substantial. Complex physical, economic and institutional interactions may be expected. Most research on these impacts appears single purpose, fragmented, uncoordinated, and often inaccessible to potential users - particularly those with responsibility for energy/water policy and program decisions. A comprehensive, integrative framework for assessing alternative water allocation decisions is outlined, taking a heuristic decision making model for evaluating impacts on maximization of gross (or net) regional product, and regional social welfare, and for assessing the region's contribution to national objectives. The suggested model provides a structure for application and integration of data of various kinds to a range of situations arising from possible impacts from energy proposals. The focus is on water and energy relationships but the model may provide a framework for comprehensive analysis of a variety of environmental actions and resulting system perturbations and effects.     

Plant phenology in Germany over the 20th century

Analysis of observational phenological data has indicated that the length of the vegetation period (VP), here defined as the time between leaf onset and leaf colouring (LC), has increased in the last decades in the northern latitudes mainly due to an advancement of bud burst. Analysing the patterns of spring phenology over the last century (1880–1999) in Southern Germany showed that the strong advancement of spring phases, especially in the decade before 1999, is not a singular event in the course of the 20th century. Similar trends were also observed in earlier decades. Distinct periods of varying trend direction for important spring phases could be distinguished. Marked differences in trend direction between early and late spring phases were detected, which can be explained by different trends in March and April mean temperatures. The advancement of spring phenology in recent decades is part of the multi-decadal fluctuations over the 20th century that vary with the species and the relevant seasonal temperatures. However, for all Natural Regions in Germany, spring phases were advanced by about 5–20 days on average between 1951 and 1999, LC was delayed between 1951 and 1984, but advanced after 1984 for all considered tree species and the length of the VP increased between 1951 and 1999 for all considered tree species by an average of 10 days throughout Germany.     

Scaling up private land conservation to meet recovery goals for grassland birds

Long-term population declines have elevated recovery of grassland avifauna to among the highest conservation priorities in North America. Because most of the Great Plains is privately owned, recovery of grassland bird populations depends on voluntary conservation with strong partnerships between private landowners and resource professionals. Despite large areas enrolled in voluntary practices through U.S. Department of Agriculture's Lesser Prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) Initiative (LPCI), the effectiveness of Farm Bill investments for meeting wildlife conservation goals remains an open question. Our objectives were to evaluate extents to which Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) and LPCI-grazing practices influence population densities of grassland birds; estimate relative contributions of practices to regional bird populations; and evaluate percentages of populations conserved relative to vulnerability of species. We designed a large-scale impact-reference study and used the Integrated Monitoring in Bird Conservation Regions program to evaluate bird population targets of the Playa Lakes Joint Venture. We used point transect distance sampling to estimate density and population size for 35 species of grassland birds on private lands enrolled in native or introduced CRP plantings and LPCI-prescribed grazing. Treatment effects indicated CRP plantings increased densities of three grassland obligates vulnerable to habitat loss, and LPCI grazing increased densities of four species requiring heterogeneity in dense, tall-grass structure (α = 0.1). Population estimates in 2016 indicated the practices conserved breeding habitat for 4.5 million birds (90% CI: 4.0–5.1), and increased population sizes of 16 species , totaling 1.8 million birds (CI: 1.4–2.4). Conservation practices on private land benefited the most vulnerable grassland obligate species (AIC_c weight = 0.53). By addressing habitat loss and degradation in agricultural landscapes, conservation on private land provides a solution to declining avifauna of North America and scales up to meet population recovery goals for the most imperiled grassland birds.     

基于区域化过程的边缘地区发展模式——以南阳市为例

边缘地区的发展问题一直是区域研究中的重点和难点，研究其发展轨迹、机理对于促进经济相对滞后的边缘区域发展具有重要意义。以豫鄂两省交界地区的南阳地区为例，在实地调研基础上，对其处于“核心→边缘”中的区域化过程进行阐述，采用区位商和“三轴图”产业重心方〖JP2〗法对其边缘化过程进行分析，针对南阳地区实际发展状况，提出未来解决边缘化的主要发展模式：（1）“CI”区域形象设计，推行区域形象发展模式；（2）“特色农产品＋农户＋中介＋（市场）明星企业”的农业产业化模式、“特色资源+生态工业园”的工业发展模式；（3）以旅游和物流为主的交通驱动型第三产业发展模式，通过特色模式带动地区经济快速高效发展，以期为南阳地区及同类区域发展提供有益建议。     

寒冷地区人工湿地污水处理技术研究进展

人工湿地作为我国新型的生态处理工艺,在寒冷地区的应用逐渐得到重视。本文总结了寒冷地区人工湿地的发展及应用情况,对湿地设计以及冬季保温措施进行了归纳与总结。     

喀斯特山区砷渣堆场污染迁移风险与区划

喀斯特山区土壤空间异质性强,污染物在洼地土壤之间可能通过独特的地表与地下二元水文地质结构的贯通互联而发生转移.通过对喀斯特山区砷渣堆场的废渣及受其影响的土壤中砷含量、分布和迁移等进行系统分析表明,降雨淋滤砷渣产生的废液随地表和地下径流远距离迁移影响洼地土壤;pH从渣场经麻厂到屯脚洼地沿迁移路径升高,均值分别为3.3、6...     

县市域边界地区协调发展研究——以浙江省尖山-南北湖地区为例

随着经济全球化进程的加快,区域协调发展的要求变得日益迫切。作为地理微观区域,县市域边界地区的协调管理尤其困难,在相关研究中还容易被忽略。以CBRs理论为指导,结合浙江省尖山-南北湖地区协调发展实例,对县市域边界地区协调发展的机制进行深入分析,构建了发展机制框架体系。尖山南北湖地区是典型的微观跨边界地区,在空间、功能上都具有协调发展的基础。由于行政体制的分割,现有的规划更加关注自身发展的需求,缺少区域整体统筹发展的眼光,造成了产业定位相互冲突,交通衔接不畅,生态环境共同保护意识不到位等问题。通过对问题的分析,在协调发展机制框架基础上,提出协调发展规划方案,以期通过规划的手段使问题得以解决和落实,希望对微观区域的协调发展研究有所启迪     

中国八大经济区域5月与7月CO地面浓度时空分布规律研究

利用2013年5月与7月全国76个城市CO地面小时浓度连续自动监测数据,分析了我国八大经济区域春(5月)、夏(7月)季CO地面浓度的时空分布规律.结果发现,76个城市春夏季CO浓度日变化基本一致,1 d中CO最低浓度出现于傍晚17:00左右,但各个区域峰值出现的时间略不同,多数地区出现于早晨8:00—10:00,南部沿海地区出现于凌晨1:00;CO地面浓度季节变化明显,5月CO地面浓度高于7月,但西北地区7月CO地面浓度高于5月;西北地区和长江中游地区春夏季CO地面浓度变化差异大,南部沿海地区季节变化小;黄河中游和北部沿海等地区CO地面浓度相对较高,东北地区CO地面浓度较低.机动车尾气排放是造成CO空间分布差异的原因之一.