Rhodobacter sp. NP25b菌株缺氧降解壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚的研究

从城市污水处理厂活性污泥中分离得到一株能够在缺氧条件下以壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(NPEOs)为惟一碳源和能源生长的菌株NP25b.经生理生化鉴定和16S rRNA基因序列分析,该菌株属于红细菌属(Rhodobacter sp.),对该菌株降解NPEOs的特性进行了研究.结果表明,在缺氧条件下,菌株NP25b在7 d内对初始底物浓度为400 mg/L NPEOs的降解率可达84%.利用液相色谱-质谱(LC-MS)和气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)对NPEOs降解中间产物进行了分析,结果表明,主要降解产物为短链NPEOs和壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚乙酸(NPECs),其中包括具有较强内分泌干扰效应的NP1EO.该菌株能够代谢含有疏水基团的聚氧乙烯醚类表面活性剂,例如辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚和脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚.推测菌株NP25b降解NPEOs是通过乙氧基(EO)链末端氧化后逐步切割完成的.     

Phytoavailability and geospeciation of cadmium in contaminated soil remediated by Rhodobacter sphaeroides

A microorganism was isolated from oil field injection water and identified as Rhodobacter sphaeroides. It was used for the remediation of simulated cadmium-contaminated soil. The phytoavailability of Cd was investigated through wheat seedling method to determine the efficiency of remediation. It was found that after remediation, the accumulation of Cd in wheat roots and leaves decreased by 67% and 53%, respectively. The Cd speciation in soil was determined with Tessier extraction procedure. It was found that the total Cd content in soil did not change during the experiments, but the geo-speciation of Cd changed remarkably. Among the five fractions, the concentration of exchangeable phases decreased by 27-46% and that of the phases bound to Fe-Mn oxides increased by 22-44%. The decrease of Cd accumulation in wheat showed significant positive correlation with the decrease of exchangeable phases. It could be concluded that the remediation of R. sphaeroides was carried out through the conversion of Cd to more stable forms. The decrease of sulfate concentration in supernatant indicated that the R. sphaeroides consumed sulfate.     

丹参提取液对球形红细菌菌体蛋白及几种酶的影响

为探索球形红细菌对丹参的生物转化机理,采用非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(N-PAGE)分别对丹参水提液、醇提液、醇水提液培养后球形红细菌菌体及纯球形红细菌(PRS)菌体蛋白质(Pro)、酯酶(EST)、细胞色素氧化酶(COD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)进行分析,比较用丹参提取液培养前后球形红细菌菌体蛋白及4种酶的同工酶变化.结果表明:丹参提取液培养前后球形红细菌菌体蛋白及4种酶的同工酶谱带差别较大,同工酶的电泳迁移率、活性、所表达同工酶的数目及分布均有差异,培养d 2～6蛋白及酶表达量变化最大,d 14～20基本稳定.研究表明丹参能诱导球形红细菌生成新的蛋白质及酶,亦可抑制某些蛋白质和酶的合成;这些蛋白和酶可能参与了丹参化学成分的生物转化.图4参22     

光合细菌球形红细菌厌氧降解氯代苯

采用光合细菌球形红细菌(Rhodobacter sphaeroides)在厌氧光照条件下对氯代苯进行生物降解.结果表明,氯代苯不能作为球形红细菌生长的唯一碳源和能源.球形红细菌厌氧降解氯代苯是在适宜碳源存在下,由氯代苯诱导产生诱导酶以共代谢的方式进行,降解途径是先打开苯环生成小分子的氯代烷烃、再还原脱氯.在培养基中加入一定量的酵母膏,可使细菌生长的停滞期明显缩短,提高氯代苯的脱氯率.在氯代苯浓度为100mg/L时,厌氧降解的最适宜条件为苹果酸浓度1.0g/L、硫酸铵浓度0.1g/L、pH7.0、酵母浸膏浓度1.0g/L.     

Enhancement of Rhodobacter sphaeroides growth and carotenoid production through biostimulation

Bacillus thuringiensis/cereus L2 was added as a biostimulant to enhance the biomass accumulation and carotenoid yield of Rhodobacter sphaeroides using wastewater as the culturing medium. Results showed that biostimulation could significantly enhance the R. sphaeroides biomass production and carotenoid yield. The optimal biostimulant proportion was 40 μL(about 6.4 × 105CFU). Through the use of biostimulation, chemical oxygen demand removal, R. sphaeroides biomass production, carotenoid concentration, and carotenoid yield were improved by 178%, 67%, 214%, and 70%, respectively. Theoretical analysis revealed that there were two possible reasons for such increases. One was that biostimulation enhanced the R. sphaeroides wastewater treatment efficiency. The other was that biostimulation significantly decreased the peroxidase activity in R. sphaeroides. The results showed that the highest peroxidase activity dropped by 87% and the induction ratio of the RSP_3419 gene was 3.1 with the addition of biostimulant. The enhanced carotenoid yield in R. sphaeroides could thus be explained by a decrease in peroxidase activity.     

球形红细菌去除和转化铅的机理研究

通过X-射线衍射光谱分析,球形红细菌(Rhodobacter sphaeroides)H菌株对铅离子的转化产物为硫化铅.H菌株在不同浓度Pb2 中培养后,研究了该菌株生长细胞对Pb2 去除的动力学和该菌体产生半胱氮酸脱巯基酶活性的变化,用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法分析了其同工酶谱.结果表明,Pb2 浓度为25～150 mg·L-1时,去除速率常数k较大,半衰期T1/2较短,去除率较高;Pb2 浓度为75、100和150 mg·L-1时,对H菌株产生半胱氨酸脱巯基酶活力有明显的促进作用,Pb2 浓度为200 mg·L-1时,对该酶活力有抑制作用.该菌体细胞及亚细胞组分中铅含量测定结果显示,94%的Pb2 分布于细胞壁和细胞质内,仅少量存在于细胞膜上,并结合透射电镜观察和红外光谱分析,证明了该H菌株对铅离子去除和转化是在细胞质内进行的.     

类球红细菌利用混合底物光合产氢特性研究

研究了类球红细菌(Rhodobacter sphaeroides)利用有机酸和糖类作为混合底物的光合产氢特性。初步研究了6种有机酸和3种糖类的产氢活性,并选用具有最大底物转化效率的琥珀酸钠和最大平均产氢速率的葡萄糖混合进行光合产氢,对底物利用和pH变化对产氢影响进行了探索。结果表明,类球红细菌利用混合底物可提高平均产氢速率、底物转化效率和底物利用率,琥珀酸钠和葡萄糖按15/15(mmol/L)混合最大平均产氢速率达19.1mL/(L·h),底物转化效率和底物利用率分别提高了35.3%和13.3%。混合底物利用中的pH值调节和底物利用率提高是有利于类球红细菌的氢气产生提高的重要因素。     

Treatment of soybean wastewater by a wild strain Rhodobacter sphaeroides and to produce protein under natural conditions

The conventional treatment method of soybean wastewater is expensive and generates waste sludge that requires further handling. Purple nonsulfur bacteria (PNSB) wastewater treatment is a clean technology and can generate single cell protein while degrading pollutants. A wild strain of PNSB, Rhodobacter sphaeroides Z08, was isolated from local soil and was used to treat soybean wastewater. To develop a cost-effective process, the work was performed under natural conditions without artificial light, aeration, nutrients addition, or pH and temperature adjustment. The results showed that the wild strain Rhodobacter sphaeroides Z08 could grow well under natural conditions. The growth curve showed two quick-growth periods and a turning point. The Z08 treatment of soybean wastewater was zero order reaction and COD reduction was 96% after 10 d. The major byproducts of the process were C2-C5 organic acids, predominantly butyric acid. No alcohol was found in the effluent. The initial COD/bacterial-mass ratio (F/M) had a significant effect on soybean wastewater treatment efficiency. When the initial F/M was lower than 10 mg-COD/mg-bacteria, a sufficient amount of time to achieve 90% of COD reduction was only three days. The Z08 biomass yield was 0.28g·g⁻¹, and the bacterial protein content was 52%.     

一株红假单胞菌对偶氮染料的脱色研究

一株球形红假单胞菌(Rhodobacter sphaeroides YB)缺氧情况下对数种偶氮染料的24 h脱色率达到90％以上。结构相对简单的偶氮染料较容易脱色。研究了外加碳源、温度和pH值等环境因素对该菌生长以及脱色活性的影响,得出最优脱色条件为:光照缺氧、蛋白胨作碳源、温度35～40℃、pH=7-8。     

球形红细菌转化去除重金属镉及其机理研究

研究了不同理化因素对光合细菌球形红细菌(Rhodobacter sphaeroides)H菌株生长和镉去除能力的影响.结果表明,该菌株的最佳生长和对镉的最佳去除条件为:pH=7.0,温度为30℃,好氧黑暗,接种量9%.在最佳条件下,镉的去除率可达85%以上.通过X射线衍射光谱分析,H菌株对镉离子的转化产物为硫化镉.通过测定镉的去除与细菌生长曲线及半胱氨酸脱巯基酶的活性,表明镉的去除与菌体的生长稳定期相关.此外,通过分析菌体对硫酸盐的代谢过程,探讨了该菌株生长细胞去除重金属镉的机理.