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F. Mougeot J. Martínez-Padilla L. Pérez-Rodríguez G. R. Bortolotti 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2007,61(5):741-751
Among the most familiar sexual signals are red, yellow, and orange sexual traits pigmented by carotenoids. Many birds can
detect near-ultraviolet (UV) light, and UV signals can play key roles in mate choice. Grouse (Tetraonidae) exhibit bright
carotenoid-dependent sexual ornaments, their supra-orbital combs, which to humans appear orange-red. Combs also reflect in
the UV, which is not visible to humans but is likely to be visible to grouse. In male red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus, we show that comb UV reflectance decreases with increasing comb size and redness. By removing the epidermis of combs, where
carotenoid pigments are, we show that the UV reflectance is a property of the dermis, underneath the red pigmented epidermis.
Carotenoid pigmentation of combs acted as a mask to reduce reflectance by the dermis in the range 400–550 nm and in the UV,
300–400 nm. Patagium skin (non-ornamental skin under the wing) also reflects in the UV, but epidermis removal on this bare
part tended to reduce UV reflectance, whereas removal of the red epidermis of combs increased UV reflectance. Males in better
condition (greater body mass relative to size) had bigger and redder combs, but with less UV. Thus, carotenoid pigments of
grouse combs are deposited on a white background with significant UV reflectance, which can influence how the signal is perceived
by conspecifics. Carotenoid-based traits exhibit UV reflectance in a number of species, but how UV reflectance and carotenoid
pigmentation influence colour remains little known for integumentary ornaments compared to plumage traits. UV vision is not
uncommon in birds and other animals, so future studies should investigate how UV reflectance influences the perception of
carotenoid-based signals of quality. 相似文献
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微卫星位点TUT1曾被认为位于松鸡科鸟类的常染色体上,只是多态性低于期望值,然而最近发现存在空基因现象.通过在45只斑尾榛鸡(Tetrastes sewerzowi)亲本和5巢双亲已知的幼鸟上扩增,发现TUT1在异配体的雌性中为纯合体,在84%的雄性中为杂合体,而且可从父本遗传给雌性和雄性后代,但从母本只能遗传给雄性后代.通过BLAST查询,含TUT1位点的序列(460 bp)与鸡Z染色体的序列最相似,分值329,期望值8e-87.以上结果表明TUT1位点位于松鸡科鸟类的Z染色体上;提示微卫星位点的空基因现象可能来自性别连锁,因此,在发表和应用微卫星位点时应当进行性别连锁检验.表1参17 相似文献
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Robert M. Gibson 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1996,39(1):55-59
Previous studies of female choice in sage grouse Centrocercus urophasianus have implicated both the acoustic quality and repetition rate of the stereotyped strut display as putative cues for female
choice. Stages in the choice process at which specific components of male courtship display influence female decisions were
investigated using field observations of female pre-mating behavior. Females visited a subset of territorial males and then
actively chose one of these as a mate. The order in which males were visited suggested that females searched until an acceptable
mate was found, rather than employing a “best-of-n” tactic. Numbers of females visiting a male were related to differences
in an acoustical component of display (inter-pop interval) whereas the probability that a visiting female mated was related
to display rate (Table 3), indicating that initial attraction and active choice are influenced by different components of
display. In addition, inter-pop interval and display rate tended to covary inversely (Fig. 1), suggesting that attraction
and active choice may impose conflicting selection pressures on display performance.
Received: 11 November 1995/Accepted after revision: 16 March 1996 相似文献
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Modeling the Influence of Dynamic Zoning of Forest Harvesting on Ecological Succession in a Northern Hardwoods Landscape 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Dynamic zoning (systematic alteration in the spatial and temporal allocation of even-aged forest management practices) has been proposed as a means to change the spatial pattern of timber harvest across a landscape to maximize forest interior habitat while holding timber harvest levels constant. Simulation studies have established that dynamic zoning strategies produce larger tracts of interior, closed canopy forest, thus increasing the value of these landscapes for interior-dependent wildlife. We used the simulation model LANDIS to examine how the implementation of a dynamic zoning strategy would change trajectories of ecological succession in the Great Divide Ranger District of the Chequamegon–Nicolet National Forest in northern Wisconsin over 500 years. The components of dynamic zoning strategies (number of zones in a scenario and the length of the hiatus between successive entries into zones) and their interaction had highly significant impacts on patterns of forest succession. Dynamic zoning scenarios with more zones and shorter hiatus lengths increased the average amount of the forest dominated by early successional aspen (Populus sp.). Dynamic zoning scenarios with two zones produced more late successional mature northern hardwoods than scenarios with four zones. Dynamic zoning scenarios with very short (30 years) or very long (120 years) hiatus lengths resulted in more late successional mature northern hardwoods than scenarios with intermediate hiatus lengths (60 and 90 years). However, none of the dynamic scenarios produced as much late successional mature northern hardwoods as the static alternative. Furthermore, the amounts of all habitat types in all dynamic zoning scenarios fluctuated greatly in time and space relative to static alternatives, which could negatively impact wildlife species that require a stable amount of habitat above some minimum critical threshold. Indeed, implementing dynamic zoning scenarios of different designs would have both positive and negative effects on wildlife species and for other objectives of forest management. 相似文献
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A multispecies test of source–sink indicators to prioritize habitat for declining populations 下载免费PDF全文
Julie A. Heinrichs Joshua J. Lawler Nathan H. Schumaker Chad B. Wilsey Kira C. Monroe Cameron L. Aldridge 《Conservation biology》2018,32(3):648-659
For species at risk of decline or extinction in source–sink systems, sources are an obvious target for habitat protection actions. However, the way in which source habitats are identified and prioritized can reduce the effectiveness of conservation actions. Although sources and sinks are conceptually defined using both demographic and movement criteria, simplifications are often required in systems with limited data. To assess the conservation outcomes of alternative source metrics and resulting prioritizations, we simulated population dynamics and extinction risk for 3 endangered species. Using empirically based habitat population models, we linked habitat maps with measured site‐ or habitat‐specific demographic conditions, movement abilities, and behaviors. We calculated source–sink metrics over a range of periods of data collection and prioritized consistently high‐output sources for conservation. We then tested whether prioritized patches identified the habitats that most affected persistence by removing them and measuring the population response. Conservation decisions based on different source–sink metrics and durations of data collection affected species persistence. Shorter time series obscured the ability of metrics to identify influential habitats, particularly in temporally variable and slowly declining populations. Data‐rich source–sink metrics that included both demography and movement information did not always identify the habitats with the greatest influence on extinction risk. In some declining populations, patch abundance better predicted influential habitats for short‐term regional persistence. Because source–sink metrics (i.e., births minus deaths; births and immigrations minus deaths and emigration) describe net population conditions and cancel out gross population counts, they may not adequately identify influential habitats in declining populations. For many nonequilibrium populations, new metrics that maintain the counts of individual births, deaths, and movement may provide additional insight into habitats that most influence persistence. 相似文献
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Ewa Szpyrka Magdalena Słowik-Borowiec 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2019,54(1):14-19
Salvia officinalis L. is a popular herb widely used in culinary, cosmetic, and medicinal preparations, and also as an ornamental plant. Sage crops are threatened by many diseases, such as gray mold, powdery mildew, and leaf spot, by weeds, and by pests, such as aphids. Use of crop protection products may lead to presence of pesticide residues in this herb. The aim of this work was to study presence of pesticide residues in the herb, S. officinalis L., available on the retail market in Poland, to verify their compliance with the maximum residue levels (MRLs) and to assess the chronic and acute risks associated with consumption of this herb and infusions prepared from contaminated sage plants. Ninety active substances of pesticides were analyzed, including all active substances registered in Poland for protection of the sage. Five active substances were found, one fungicide – boscalid and four insecticides: chlorpyrifos, pp′-DDT, dimethoate (residue levels above MRL) and indoxacarb. The chronic and acute exposure to pesticide residues consumed with sage did not exceed 0.02% of the acceptable daily intake (ADI) and 0.1% of the acute reference dose (ARfD), respectively. 相似文献
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