Bioefficacy of Iprodione Against Two Desapers,its Compatibility with T. harzianum and Residues on Cabbage Crop

Iprodione (3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-N-isopropyl-2,4-dioxoimidazolidine-1-carboxamide) bio-assayed against fungi Alternaria brassicicola and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was found to be highly effective for inhibiting these desapers. Inhibition of A. brassicicola was 100% up to the dose of 75 ppm and for S. sclerotiorum there was 50% inhibition for the same concentration. Formulation of the pesticide was applied @ 500 and 1000 g. a.i./ha on the cabbage crop grown in the fields. Residues in the edible sample of cabbage were analyzed by gas choromatography for the fungicide and its metabolites. The dissipation of residues of the fungicide and its bio-efficacy against two fungi are presented. It dissipated from 3.72 to 0.072 μg/g on cabbage head by 15 days after treatment. The EC₅₀ values of iprodione were found to be 11.5 ppm and 79.4 ppm for A. brassicicola and S. sclerotiorum, respectively. Half-life of iprodione was found to be 3 days for both cabbage head and leaves. The compatibility of the fungicide with a bio agent, T. harzianum was also studied and these two were not found to be compatible.     

盾壳霉CCTCC M203020的生长特性及其应用潜力

以油菜菌核病病株菌核为诱饵，从油菜地中分离筛选得到一株盾壳霉(Coniothyrium minitans CCTCC M203020)．以生物防治能力好的CBS148．96为对照菌株，比较了两者在油菜叶上对油菜菌核病菌抑制作用和在土壤中对菌核的致腐能力及条件．结果表明：C．minitans CCTCC M203020对油菜菌核病菌的抑制作用及适用的pH范围(4．0～7．0)均优于CBS148．96，适片于油菜菌核病的生物防治．具体表现在：(1)C．minitans CCTCC M203020能够完全限制病原菌在叶面的进一步扩展(已萌发孢子率为800A时)，而CBS148．96则不能；(2)C．minitaras CCTCC M203020与CBS148．96的生长特性及培养条件相近，但其菌体生长和孢子产量分别高出60％和12％，并发现该菌株在PDA上产生孢子的最短周期是3．5～4d，较优培养条件为：20℃、初始pH5．0～6．2、空气湿度90％～97％；敛腐菌核的较优条件为：10^1～10^4孢子／菌核，土壤湿度80％～100％，pH4．0～7．0，图7参19     

一株抑制油菜核盘菌菌核形成的解淀粉芽孢杆菌

检测了从不同土壤中分离的17株芽孢杆菌对油菜核盘菌的抑制效果，发现4株菌株具有不同程度的抑制菌丝生长的能力，其中地衣芽孢杆菌菌株AJH-1和解淀粉芽孢杆菌菌株CH-2的抑菌效果最好．CH-2菌株不仅能抑制菌丝的生长，而且能抑制菌核的形成．CH-2菌株培养液经硫酸铵沉淀后具有抑制核盘菌生长的效果，且稀释10倍后仍具有抗菌活性．初步认为CH-2菌株的抑菌活性可能是抗菌蛋白或多肽的作用．图1表5参12     

油菜菌核病菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)与细菌间的基因水平转移

油菜菌核病（Sclerotinia sclerotiorum）是油菜生产上最重要的病害之一,其致病性可能来源于基因水平转移（Horizontal gene transfer,HGT）.为认识其致病原理和寻找新的真菌抑制剂的靶点,首先通过BLASTp发现其基因XM₀01585458.1编码蛋白XP₀01585508.1与细菌比对结果中出现低E值3.23e-109和高SCORE值436,暗示存在HGT现象;进一步通过系统进化树的建立,发现该蛋白在进化分枝上更接近于细菌中由Streptomyces sp.C的NZ_CM000832.1基因编码的蛋白ZP₀7291173;同时核苷酸组成分析也发现该基因与油菜菌核病菌基因组的碱基组成有较大差别,GC含量提高了14.95%.这些结果证明了XM₀01585458.1的确存在基因水平转移事件.结构分析和COG蛋白功能分类显示该HGT序列编码蛋白XP₀01585508.1具有FA58C₃（Coagulation factors 5/8 type C domain）、Kelch repeat type 1、Galactose-binding domain-like、Galactose oxidase/kelch,beta-propeller等保守结构域,应为一个膜蛋白并参与多糖代谢,推测该水平转移基因与S.sclerotiorum在侵染植物时进行细胞壁水解和致病性有关.