Effects of water regime,crop residues,and application rates on control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense

Biological soil disinfestation is an effective method to control soil-borne disease by flooding and incorporating with organic amendments, but field conditions and resources sometimes limited its practical application. A laboratory experiment was conducted to develop practice guidelines on controlling Fusarium wilt, a widespread banana disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (FOC). FOC infested soil incorporated with rice or maize straw at rates of 1.5 tons/ha and 3.0 tons/ha was incubated under flooded or water-saturated (100% water holding capacity) conditions at 30°C for 30 days. Results showed that FOC populations in the soils incorporated with either rice or maize straw rapidly reduced more than 90% in the first 15 days and then fluctuated till the end of incubation, while flooding alone without organic amendment reduced FOC populations slightly. The rapid and dramatic decrease of redox potential (down to − 350 mV) in straw-amended treatments implied that both anaerobic condition and strongly reductive soil condition would contribute to pathogen inactivation. Water-saturation combined with straw amendments had the comparable effects on reduction of FOC, indicating that flooding was not indispensable for inactivating FOC. There was no significant difference in the reduction of FOC observed in the straw amendments at between 1.5 and 3 tons/ha. Therefore, incorporating soil with straw (rice or maize straw) at a rate of 3.0 tons/ha under 100% water holding capacity or 1.5 tons/ha under flooding, would effectively alleviate banana Fusarium wilt caused by FOC after 15-day treating under 30°C.     

蛭石和沸石对番茄青枯病及土壤微生物的影响

施用沸石于番茄连作地，使番茄青枯病显著减少，但施用蛭石使番茄青枯病加重。施用沸石后土壤微生物生物量显著提高，而蛭石处理对土壤微生物生物量的影响不明显。沸石和蛭石都能提高土壤中真菌、细菌和放线菌的数量和土壤微生物活性，其中沸石处理的土壤高于蛭石处理的土壤。     

木麻黄根区土壤理化特性及酶活性与青枯病发生关联分析

为探究木麻黄(Casuarina spp.)根区土壤理化特性及酶活性与青枯病发生的关系,进而为加强生物防治提供参考.选取位于广东省潮州市饶平县大埕镇、湛江市吴川市塘尾镇和湛江市徐闻县前山镇的3个木麻黄人工林为研究对象,在每个林分下分别设置3个样地,每个样地采集木麻黄青枯病感病植株和健康植株根区土壤各3份,共54个土壤样...     

生物肥料对香蕉枯萎病及土壤微生物的影响

香蕉枯萎病是真菌引起的一种土传病害,它的蔓延已经严重影响到香蕉产业的正常发展.将腐熟的有机肥与3种生防细菌(枯草芽胞杆菌、胶质芽胞杆菌和巨大芽胞杆菌)结合,组合成生物复混肥和生物有机肥,将它们施用在香蕉上,研究其对枯萎病病害防治效果.盆栽香蕉试验结果显示,2种肥料不仅能抑制香蕉枯萎病(防病效果分别为61.5%和53.8%),同时也引起土壤微生物群落发生变化,真菌数量明显下降,放线菌明显升高,细菌变化较小.通过相关分析发现,生物肥料中3种生防细菌总数与土壤中枯萎菌和普通真菌呈显著负相关,而与防病效果呈极显著正相关,有机肥中细菌与土壤细菌和放线菌含量也呈显著正相关.     

Environmental management of oak wilt disease in central texas

Oak wilt disease, for which there is no known cure, is one of the most destructive tree killers in the United States today. This analysis reports on the patterns of disease transmission, along with the methods of treatment used to suppress the severity of the pathogen's attack on trees in central Texas. The practical problems inherent in the linkage between people and their relationship with this environmental disorder are addressed. The environmental controls implemented have application to other areas of the United States and western Europe, where tree species are subject to infections.     

新疆黄萎病发病程度不同棉田土壤细菌群落结构差异分析

新疆棉区棉花黄萎病发生危害严重,提高该病的生态防控技术对实现棉花"化肥、农药"减施增效有重要意义.文章以阿克苏、石河子和库尔勒三地棉花黄萎病不同发生程度棉田土壤为研究对象,利用高通量测序技术对土壤细菌种群结构进行研究,并分析土壤理化性质与细菌多样性及种群结构的相关性,以期揭示棉田土壤的细菌群落结构差异及主要影响因子,为...     

拮抗菌对黄瓜枯萎病菌的室内生物活性

测定了从沤肥浸渍液和土壤中分离并筛选得到对黄瓜枯萎病菌的室内生物活性的6个菌株,编号为94－I、94－Ⅱ、94－Ⅲ、96－Ⅰ和98－Ⅱ,测定其孢子悬浮培养16h时对黄瓜枯萎菌的抑制率分别为48．29％、0．00％、60．69％、39．28％、61．29％和72．32％,孢子和菌丝有的变畸形并产生大泡囊;平皿拮抗试验表明,其活体浓度为50％时对黄瓜枯萎病菌的抑制率最大分别为74．52％、83．27％、90．60％、88．59％、89．35％和94．30％;而其相同浓度高压蒸汽灭活后的代谢产物对黄瓜枯萎病菌的抑制率最大分别为33．215、52．22％、62．84％、46．57％、47．61％和70．34％。     

茄科雷尔氏菌蛋白质相互作用网络预测及分析

细菌性青枯病是由茄科雷尔氏菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)引起的一种世界范围的细菌性土传病害.该细菌基因组序列的完全测序,使得从蛋白质组角度来分析其蛋白质相互作用网络成为可能.本文通过朴素贝叶斯模型整合系统发生谱法、基因邻近法、基因融合法、操纵子法、同源映射法、微阵列法、域相互作用法等7种方法,并根据约豋指数确定的阙值,预测了可信的茄科雷尔氏菌的蛋白质相互作用网络.对网络中的分泌子网络和信号转导进行了分析,提出可能的药物作用靶点(cyaB、pilD、Fli、Rsp1526、VsrA、VsrB、PilH).对于未注释的蛋白依据蛋白相互作用推测了部分蛋白质的功能.本文也提供了完全免费的在线数据库支持,提供了方便的茄科雷尔氏菌的蛋白相互作用的查询及相互作用数据和推测的蛋白质功能数据的查询和下载(http://www.scbmp.org.cn/rsoppi.php).     

侵染大豆的蚕豆萎蔫病毒研究

从杭州市郊的大豆病株上获得一病毒分离物Ｓ１,温室人工摩擦接种７科１６种植物,Ｓ１能侵染其中的５科１４种植物．Ｓ１能由桃蚜、豆蚜以非持久性方式传毒,该分离物的钝化温度为５０～５５℃,稀释限点为１０－３～１０－４,体外保毒期为３～４ｄ（２５℃）．用昆诺藜作繁殖寄主可提到大量球状病毒粒子,ｄ为２５～３０ｎｍ．病毒外壳蛋白主要由两种亚基构成,Ｍｒ分别为４４．７×１０３和２１．９×１０３,病毒基因组由两条ＲＮＡ分子组成,大小分别为６．２ｋｂ与３．８ｋｂ,Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ结果显示３．８ｋｂＲＮＡ与ＢＢＷＶ２蚕豆分离物ＲＮＡ２ｃＤＮＡ有明显杂交反应．病毒粒子电泳后产生相似于豇豆花叶病毒科的快、慢两个电泳型．琼脂双扩散试验中,Ｓ１和ＢＢＷＶ２均能与蚕豆萎蔫病毒２（ＢＢＷＶ２）抗血清形成明显沉淀线,且沉淀线互相融合,Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ检测亦表明,此分离物的大小亚基均可与ＢＢＷＶ２抗血清反应．根据以上特性,Ｓ１分离物被鉴定为ＢＢＷＶ２．     

松材线虫对其携带的一株细菌繁殖和致病性的影响

采用黑松(Pinusthunbergii)无菌苗和愈伤组织的接种试验证明,松材线虫携带的洋葱伯克霍尔德氏菌(Burk-holderiacepacia)B619菌株的繁殖及对黑松的致病性受松材线虫的影响.进一步的研究表明,松材线虫的分泌物及死尸均可促进该菌株的生长繁殖和致病作用,且活线虫的促进作用比死尸更加显著,这可能是由于松材线虫提供给该菌株某些重要的营养物质.试验还发现,松材线虫分泌液经高温处理后对致病细菌繁殖的促进活性下降.表5参18