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Richard M. Ryan Netta Weinstein Jessey Bernstein Kirk Warren Brown Louis Mistretta Marylène Gagné 《Journal of environmental psychology》2010
Five studies utilizing survey, experimental, and diary methods assessed the effects of being outdoors on subjective vitality. In Study 1, we used a vignette method to examine whether being outdoors was associated with vitality, above and beyond the influences of physical activity and social interactions. Study 2 explored the effects of being outdoors on vitality through an experimental design contrasting indoor and outdoor walks. In Study 3, participants were exposed to photographic scenes of either nature or buildings. Results showed that only the nature scenes enhanced subjective vitality. Studies 4 and 5 used a diary methodology to examine within-person variations in subjective energy as a function of being outdoors, again controlling for physical and social activity. Being outdoors was associated with greater vitality, a relation that was mediated by the presence of natural elements. Limitations of these studies are discussed, as well as their implications for research on energy and vitalization. 相似文献
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E.M. Elsheikh 《Ecological modelling》2010,221(8):1108-1118
Motivated by the postulates:
- (a)
- Matter has complementary properties: matter waves at high mass density and information oscillations at high information density.
- (b)
- Biological systems are information generating systems, i.e., genome capacity to generate developmental functional complexity (phenotype).
- (c)
- Biological information sustains the living state.
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