Daphne gnidium, a possible native host plant of the European grapevine moth Lobesia botrana, stimulates its oviposition. Is a host shift relevant?

Summary. We tested the hypothesis that Daphne gnidium is an ancestral host plant of Lobesia botrana. To this end, we studied the oviposition response of this moth to various aerial organs of this plant. Our results show that females prefer to lay eggs on daphne berries rather than on grapes (cv. chasselas) and that polar surface extracts of daphne berries and leaves strongly stimulate oviposition in a dosedependant way, whereas flower extracts are weakly stimulant and branch extracts are inactive or deterrent for oviposition. Furthermore, a total extract of daphne berries stimulates oviposition in semi-natural conditions when applied onto fresh grapes. Oviposition stimulants from berries were isolated by HPLC coupled with a dual-choice oviposition bioassay. The ecological value of D. gnidium for L. botrana is discussed and the possible use of oviposition stimulants from daphne, contrasting with the oviposition signal of the cultivated host plant, is proposed in the perspective of developing behavioural manipulation methods such as stimulo-deterrent diversionary strategies compatible with IPM programs.     

葡萄属低聚茋清除超氧阴离子自由基作用的研究

利用化学发光法研究了葡萄属植物白藜芦醇及其低聚物对氧自由基作用的影响,并探讨了结构与活性之间的关系。结果提示葡萄属低聚芪具有良好的清除超氧阴离子自由基的能力,它的抗氧化能力与聚合度的大小和化合物中酚羟基的个数无必然的关系,而主要取决于化合物本来的结构。     

中国葡萄属（VitisL.）分类研究

报导了中国葡萄属植物现存全部种类的分类处理结果，这些结果是在对植物野外和栽培观察及标本室研究基础上获得的；标本室的研究除了中国之外还包括参阅欧洲的一些著名标本馆内早期植物学家鉴定名称所依据的标本，因而所有种类的确定较之过去更为可靠．文中发表了一些新分类群和新组合，给出了鉴定种类的检索表．     

Subcellular Mn compartation, anatomic and biochemical changes of two grape varieties in response to excess manganese

To explore the underlying mechanism for the high tolerance to excess manganese stress in the grape species (Vitis vinifera Linn), we observed the subcellular compartment of Mn element, anatomic and biochemical responses of two grape cultivars (Combier and Shuijin) under excess Mn stress in semi-controlled environmental condition. Grape species exhibited typical detoxifying or tolerant mechanism as following: first, majority of Mn element accumulated in leaf was excluded into cell wall or comparted into cell vacuole to avoid cellular Mn-toxicity; Mn and other elements were also secreted into leaf surface or deposited in vascular wall; second, only small amount of Mn was located in cellular organ, and excess Mn in chloroplast was detoxified by depositing in starch granule, which serve as a novel detoxifying strategy; additionally, the cellular Mn was further chelated by phytochelatins; third, to quench the toxic oxygen radicals, the total phenolic compounds and polyamine (putrescine and spermidine) were enhanced. Although the obvious symptom of Mn-toxicity was not detected, we observed the dessication symptom under high level of Mn treatment in the two cultivars, such as sunk stomata, thickened palisade tissue, enhanced palisade/spongy tissue ratio and abscisic acid concentration. The growth inhibition and dessication symptom in the two grape cultivars could be largely associated with osmotic stress resulted from high concentration of leaf Mn.