Neutral modelling of agricultural landscapes by tessellation methods—Application for gene flow simulation

Neutral landscape models are not frequently used in the agronomical domain, whereas they would be very useful for studying given agro-ecological or physical processes. Contrary to ecological neutral landscape models, agricultural models have to represent and manage geometrical patches and thus should rely on tessellation methods. We present a three steps approach that aimed at simulating such landscapes. Firstly, we characterized the geometry of three real field patterns; secondly, we generated simulated field patterns with two tessellation methods attempting to control the value of some of the observed characteristics and, thirdly, we evaluated the simulated field patterns. For this evaluation, we considered that good simulated field patterns should capture characteristics of real landscapes that are important for the targeted agro-ecological process. Real landscapes and landscapes simulated using either a Voronoi or a rectangular tessellation were thus compared when used as input data within a gene flow model. The results showed that neither tessellation method captured field shapes correctly, thus leading to over or (small) under estimation of gene flow. The Voronoi tessellation, though, performed better than the rectangular tessellation. Possible research directions are proposed to improve the simulated patterns, including the use of post-processing, the control of cell orientation or the implementation of other tessellation techniques.     

高速冲击下多胞材料细观结构中波传播规律

目的 获取安全防护结构中细观多胞材料在高速冲击下的波传播规律.方法 采用基于3D-Voronoi细观多胞结构数值仿真和基于最小二乘法的局部应变梯度法,研究细观多胞结构在高速冲击下的冲击波波阵面传播规律.通过细观多胞结构数值仿真提取的位移场数据,结合局部应变梯度法得到界面清晰的冲击波波阵面.结果 冲击端和支撑端分别诱发右...     

Spatiotemporal characterization and regional contributions of O3 and NO2: An investigation of two years of monitoring data in Henan, China

To investigate the characteristics of ground level ozone(O_3) for Henan Province,the ambient air quality monitoring data of 2015 and 2016 were analyzed.The result showed that the 8 h-max-O_3 concentrations displayed a distinct seasonality,where the maximum and minimum values,averaging 140.41,54.19 μg/m~3,occurred in summer and winter,respectively.There is a significant correlation between meteorological factors and O_3 concentration.The Voronoi neighborhood averaging analysis indic ated that O_3,temperature,and ultraviolet radiation in Henan province were decreased from northwest to southeast,while relative humidity and precipitation displayed the opposite trend.Besides meteorological factors,the chemical processes play an essential role in ozone formation.Reactions of NO,NO_2 and O_3 form a closed system,and the partitioning point of the OX-component(O_3+NO_2) was at 40 and 80 μg/m~3 for nitrogen oxide(NO_x) in winter and summer,respectively,with NO_2 dominating at higher NO_x pollution and O_3 being the m ajor component at lower levels.The relationship between oxidant(OX=O_3+NO_2)and NOx concentrations were evaluated to understand the regional and local contribution of OX.It showed that high regional contribution occurred in the spring,whereas the highest local contribution lead to the summer peak of O_3 observed in Zhengzhou.This present study reveals important environment impacts from the photochemical process and the meteorological conditions in the region with better understanding on the O_3 characterization.     

Voronoi尾流规避下的风电场布局安全性研究

为了降低尾流对风电场稳定输出和风力机发电性能的危害,在现存风电场风力机布置优化布局方法下,提出结合1种基于几何约束辅助的Voronoi图的全新优化方法,对现行的几种代表性的风电场布局进行二次迭代优化,并利用WAsP软件对优化前后的布局做对照数值仿真计算。研究结果表明:优化后的布局可有效规避尾流效应,提高风电系统的稳定输出性和安全供电,并提高风电能量利用率。本文以Voronoi几何生成特性为研究核心,在总结一般规律下,结合程序化计算思维、人工智能、计算机图形学算法等知识,深入探讨Voronoi风场布局计算模拟仿真的未来应用可行性,得出其提高精度的有效方法,同时为风电场布局理论和其他学科的交叉融合提供创新思路。     

Study on mechanics and domino effect of large-scale goaf cave-in

A large area of continuous solid shallow-buried goaf group created by open-stope method, under the influence of space-time effects exerted by slow creep of the pillar-roof system, will wholly collapse driven by partly instability of pillar and roof collapse until the whole mine collapses, showing a domino effect. The dynamic process is ignored in the traditional analysis of mechanical stability. Based on analysis for the domino effect and disaster-relief mechanism in the mining goaf, the mechanical method combined with Voronoi graph method has been adopted to establish the dynamic analysis on the pillar-roof system stability. It seems more in line with the actual situations, and can help to more accurately predict the time and location of disaster. The conclusion is of great value on study of rock mechanics and mining companies’ safety production.     

基于Voronoi图的农村居民点空间分布特征及其影响因素研究——以北京市昌平区为例

采用GIS查询统计与Voronoi图CV值相结合的分析方法,研究了地形、公路及河流等环境因素对北京市昌平区农村居民点空间分布特征的影响.结果表明:地形是影响农村居民点空间分布的主导因素,平原地区农村居民点用地比例较高,规模较大,密度较高;山区农村居民点用地比例较低,规模相对较小,密度也较低.公路交通是影响农村居民点空间分布的重要因素,91.19%的农村居民点分布在距离主要公路距离小于1 500 m的范围内;河流对农村居民点分布也有一定影响,距离河流越远,农村居民点密度越低.     

基于Voronoi图和时间效应的矿柱失稳预测

针对香炉山大规模地下采空区,借助Voronoi图确定分摊面积来模拟矿柱荷载分布、矿柱破坏、荷载转移以及荷载重新分布的过程,从而确定现阶段的不稳定矿柱,并在此基础上考虑时间效应。用该方法可得出,目前香炉山钨矿不稳定矿柱的失稳不会造成大规模的坍塌,考虑时间效应,则20年时间效应内二四坑口的南区有发生连续坍塌的可能。为防止矿柱发生大范围坍塌,结合香炉山钨矿的实际情况,最终确定胶结充填法为该矿山当前处理空区的最适宜方法。     

基于Voronoi图的居民点空间分布特征研究——以甘肃省为例

采用GIS查询统计与Voronoi图CV值相结合的分析方法,通过计算点状目标的Voronoi多边形面积的变异系数(CV值)方法来分析点状目标的空间分布特征。分析结果表明,甘肃省有9个市、县为随机分布,其余市、县为集群分布,但总体上为集群分布。最近邻指数和CV值通过级差变换后,发现其存在相关性,相关系数为负值,表明两者之间存在负相关关系。     

基于行人占据区域的泰森多边形人员密度统计方法

行人动力学的研究一直是火灾下人员疏散研究的重要内容。研究者通过大量观测和可控实验,获得行人的运动行为特征,揭示人员运动规律,但是仍然缺乏足够的定量校准的实验数据。在总结了前人对于实验中全局密度与局部密度统计方法的基础上,基于泰森多边形方法,结合人际关系距离与视野的观念,提出了一种行人占据多边形的速度密度统计方法。通过对平均密度平均速度的比较发现,方法得到的结果比传统统计方法得到的结果波动更小且更接近于连续变化、在密度低时比泰森多边形方法的结果更符合实际情况;而对于个人的速度密度散点图,结果也比泰森多边形方法的结果更为集中,尤其是除去了密度小而速度低的不合理数据点。     

3D Voronoi等效晶质模型在岩石破坏细观研究中的应用

基于3D Voronoi图提出一种能够反映岩石矿物晶粒结构的三维精细化建模方法,分析了晶粒排列均匀化程度及大小等微观结构的变化对模型宏观力学性质的影响程度,并进行了晶粒结构优化设计。通过模拟粉砂质板岩单轴压缩和巴西劈裂的破坏过程,以及与室内试验对比验证了其适用性,并从细观角度揭示了岩石的破坏机理。研究结果表明:通过裂纹生长速率大致可以表征室内试验中弹性变形、非弹性变形和峰值后宏观破坏阶段;岩样在单轴压缩和巴西劈裂破坏过程中以拉伸断裂为主,在宏观上表现为脆性断裂;岩样宏观断裂呈现沿晶和穿晶断裂的组合形态,弹性变形阶段裂纹的萌生和扩展以沿晶断裂为主,而穿晶断裂的扩展和贯通往往导致局部失稳,表现为非弹性变形阶段。