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1.
研究了一种用中流量采样器采样,超声波萃取,硅镁型吸附剂柱层析预分离.高效液谱测定总悬浮颗粒物的实验方法,在16分内可分高萘、蒽、芘、苯并(a)芘、苯并(ghi)苝等15种多环芳烃.已在大气环境的实际监测中得到应用. 相似文献
2.
During the period of 1972 through 1993, Environmental Concern Inc. (EC) and its recent (1989) affiliate Environmental Construction
Company (ECC) have completed 216 marsh construction projects to control upland bank erosion in tributaries of the Maryland
portion of Chesapeake Bay. Of these projects, 26 have involved marsh construction on unaltered existing shores and 190 have
utilized marsh construction on shores that have been restored to former increased elevations through shoreline filling and
grading. This paper describes the latter restoration technique. Throughout the 21-year period of applying the technique for
long-term upland bank erosion control, refinements to the design standards and criteria for site suitability have been made
so as to optimize its successful application. As a result of this experience, a reliable bioengineering restoration technique
has evolved to control upland bank erosion. This paper describes the details of this successful technique through a review
of: (1) its objectives and benefits, (2) suitability of sites for its application, (3) the design of its shore restoration,
(4) its construction, (5) its maintenance, and (6) comparison of its cost with those of structural techniques for bank erosion
control. Although the technique has only been applied in the Maryland portions of Chesapeake Bay, its applicability should,
with modifications, be broadly applicable to all water bodies. 相似文献
3.
Cycles of storm destruction and rebuilding of human facilities are as much a part of a predictable cycle of shoreline change
as destruction and re-establishment of landforms and wildlife habitat by natural processes. An evaluation of the human-induced
and natural geomorphic responses to three storms in two vulnerable developed areas in New Jersey reveals that storms can have
limited effect in re-establishing a natural coastal resource base of lasting significance. Reconstruction of coastal landscapes
by human action may be more rapid than natural restoration, decreasing the likelihood for geomorphic features to develop based
on natural processes. Reliance on storm processes to create new natural habitat in locations where there is human investment
in buildings and support infrastructure is not realistic unless a proactive stance is taken to include naturally-functioning
characteristics of the coastal system in reconstruction efforts. By striving to control construction of shorefront buildings
to reduce their potential for damage, managers may be taking attention away from the separate but critical issue of ensuring
that post-storm reconstruction effort include the potential for replacing loss of natural geomorphic features and wildlife
habitat. 相似文献
4.
Two fundamental aspects of invasion dynamics are population growth and population spread. These quantities have been subject of study in biological invasions and can be used to study management and control of organisms. In this paper we derive formulae to calculate wave speed and rates of spread for coupled map lattices. Coupled map lattice models are dynamical models where space and time are discrete. We also show how wave speed and rate of spread can be calculated for structured population coupled map lattices in deterministic, stochastic environments and heterogeneous landscapes. Coupled map lattices are simple mathematical models that can be easily linked to landscape data to study invading organisms control strategies. 相似文献
5.
桩基础质量的检测是保证基础工程安全的重要措施。针对传统的检测方法静荷载试验法和钻孔取芯法存在的设备笨重、成本高、工期长和检测数量少的缺点 ,提出了用反射波法进行桩基无损检测 ,该法较传统的检测法具有成本低、效率高和可靠性高的特点。最后 ,将反射波法用于天津市红桥区工商行大厦砼钻孔灌注桩桩基的无损检测 ,结合实测的桩基速度波分析了检测到的桩基缺陷类型及判断原则。 相似文献
6.
Experiments on mixing and dissipation in internal solitary waves over two triangular obstacles 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Chen-Yuan Chen John R.-C. Hsu Ming-Hung Cheng Cheng-Wu Chen 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2008,8(3):199-214
A series of laboratory experiments was undertaken in a stratified two-layer fluid to investigate the energetics of the interaction
between an internal solitary wave (ISW) and triangular obstacles, as well as to determine the partitioning of ISW energy and
its subsequent dynamics. The ISW energy was dissipated as a result of internal breaking and turbulent mixing induced by wave
instability. Tests involving different combinations of triangular obstacles in various heights and intervals and ISW of different
amplitudes were performed. The wave features resulting from the interaction of an ISW and double obstacles were found to differ
from those of single obstacle. The incident energy of an ISW was either reflecting back from the obstacles, dissipated through
turbulent mixing, or transmitted over the double obstacles. Reduction in wave energy increased as the intervals between obstacles
reduced. For two obstacles in different heights, energy dissipation was greater in the case with a higher obstacle ahead of
a lower one. However, the overall performance was dependent on the relative height of the obstacles, relative water depth
of the upper and bottom layer, in addition to the intervals between the obstacles. 相似文献
7.
Anton McLachlan Martin Fisher Harib Nasser Al-Habsi Salah Salim Al-Shukairi Ahmed Mohammed Al-Habsi 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》1998,4(2):181-190
The benthic macrofauna and physical features of 10 sandy beaches along the coast of Oman were surveyed quantitatively. This is a mesotidal regime mostly subject to low to moderate wave energy but more exposed in the south. Five northern beaches are tide-dominated, with low wave energy, and their profiles consist of a berm, a steep, swash-dominated upper shore and a broad tide-dominated terrace from mid-shore downwards. They are composed of moderately sorted fine to medium sands. Southern beaches experience greater wave energy, particularly during the summer southwest monsoon, and exhibit smoother, concave profiles with fine, fairly well sorted carbonate sand. 58 species and species groups were recorded, with crustanceans, polychaetes and molluscs dominant. In general species richness was high, at least 19–25 species per beach, but dry biomass moderate to low at 26–90g/m shoreline, with one high value of 450g/m. Total abundance was moderate at 3–73×103 organisms/m of beach. Some zonation was evident with ocypodid crabs andTylos in the supralittoral, cirolanid isopods on the upper shore and a variety of species on the lower shore. The coast of Oman appears to constitute a single zoogeographic region, but with some regional differentiation between north and south due to varying physical conditions. Thus, OmanÕs beaches are characterized by tide-dominated morphodynamics and exceptionally high species richness. 相似文献
8.
Paul A. Garès 《Environmental management》1990,14(1):115-123
The determination of the risk from flooding that shorefront communities face is an important component of coastal management
that has not been resolved successfully. Wave runup offers one way of quantifying the risk of coastal flooding that results
from overtopping by storm waves. The calculation of runup probabilities uses wave frequency analysis and an average beach/dune
profile for a given shoreline segment. The amount of risk is determined by using a runup probability curve for specific shoreline
locations within the segment. The procedure is demonstrated using the New Jersey shoreline as an example, and results indicate
a higher degree of risk in the southern part of the state. Although the procedure is attractive, there is a need for additional
field research to test: (1) the accuracy of the calculation procedure; (2) the applicability of a design profile for a shoreline
segment; and (3) whether a non-storm beach/dune profile may be used in the calculation. In terms of the broader subject of
coastal hazards, these runup calculations need to be integrated with research on beach erosion to provide a comprehensive
assessment of the risk at specific locations. 相似文献
9.
本文通过中外优秀男子跳远运动员在助跑速度、平跑速度、腾起角、速度利用率等运动学参数对比分析,指出提高我国男子跳远运动员成绩的关键是提高平跑速度。 相似文献
10.
中波广播电台的电磁辐射环境影响分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
文章引入电磁辐射源固有危险性评价的指数法评判模型,进行了中波广播电台的固有危险性评价。探讨了中波天线周围电场强度的理论计算、分布规律以及电磁污染可能范围,并进行了现场监测。结果表明:中波广播电台天线电场强度值,在近距离区域随距离的增加而迅速衰减,当距离进一步增大时,场强值继续衰减,但衰减速度越来越缓慢;磁场强度随距离的增加而降低,但相对与电场强度衰减的幅度较慢。当中波广播电台功率比较低时,其电场强度和磁场强度在20 m以外均能符合国家标准限值规定,对周围环境影响较小。 相似文献