我国热带地区胶—茶—鸡农林复合系统物质循环研究

以海南省文昌市典型的胶—茶—鸡农林复合模式为研究对象 ,以单作胶园、胶茶间作园为对照 ,采用定量研究与定性分析相结合的方法 ,研究其物质循环规律。结果表明 ,胶—茶—鸡农林复合系统的氮、磷输入、输出量最大 ,系统外物质投入率比另两系统明显减少 ,系统内养分循环量增加 ,因此 ,该系统具有较合理的物质循环结构。     

试论我国农业环境标准体系建设

探讨了我国农业环境标准的范畴和分类，介绍了我国现行的农业环境标准，并对加强农业环境标准体系建设提出了建议。     

The alignment of agricultural and nature conservation policies in the European Union

Europe is a region of relatively high population density and productive agriculture subject to substantial government intervention under the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). Many habitats and species of high conservation interest have been created by the maintenance of agricultural practices over long periods. These practices are often no longer profitable, and nature conservation initiatives require government support to cover the cost for them to be continued. The CAP has been reformed both to reduce production of agricultural commodities at costs in excess of world prices and to establish incentives for landholders to adopt voluntary conservation measures. A separate nature conservation policy has established an extensive series of protected sites (Natura 2000) that has, as yet, failed to halt the loss of biodiversity. Additional broader scale approaches have been advocated for conservation in the wider landscape matrix, including the alignment of agricultural and nature conservation policies, which remains a challenge. Possibilities for alignment include further shifting of funds from general support for farmers toward targeted payments for biodiversity goals at larger scales and adoption of an ecosystem approach. The European response to the competing demands for land resources may offer lessons globally as demands on rural land increase.     

农业环境保护应列入县级政府环境保护目标责任制考核内容

农业环境保护是环境保护的一个重要部分,县级人民政府是县级农业环境保护的责任者,笔者认为应该将苏南地区农业环境保护列入县级政府环境保护目标责任制中。本文在强调了其意义后,着重提出了苏南地区推行农业环境保护目标责任制的具体做法。1.列入计划,建立机构,明确职责。2.制订定量考核指标。3.加快农业环境保护立法,制订地方性农业环境保护法规。并对责任制实施的重要环节——定量考核作了较为详细的介绍。     

洞庭湖演变对湖区农业生态环境的影响

讨论了洞庭湖演变对湖区农业生态环境的影响，认为湖体演变带来了诸如湖泊效应降低、洪涝灾害频繁、土壤潜育化严重、血吸虫病流行以及水产资源破坏等一系列生态环境问题，并提出了保护和改善湖区农业生态环境的对策与措施。     

Are soil conservation technologies “win‐win?” A case study of Anjeni in the north‐western Ethiopian highlands

This study measures the impact of fanya juu terraces on the net value of crop income in a high‐rainfall area in the Ethiopian highlands using cross‐sectional multiple plot observations. Using propensity score matching methods we find that the net value of crop income for plots with fanya juu terraces is lower than for plots without fanya juu terraces. This finding makes it difficult to avoid concluding that while the technologies might reduce soil erosion and associated off‐site effects, they do so at the expense of poor farmers in the Ethiopian highlands. Therefore, fanya juu terraces cannot be characterized as a “win‐win” measure to reduce soil erosion. New agricultural technologies need to be profitable to the farmer if they are to be adopted and sustained.     

Linkages between measures of biodiversity and community resilience in Pacific Island agroforests

Designing agroecosystems that are compatible with the conservation of biodiversity is a top conservation priority. However, the social variables that drive native biodiversity conservation in these systems are poorly understood. We devised a new approach to identify social–ecological linkages that affect conservation outcomes in agroecosystems and in social‐ecological systems more broadly. We focused on coastal agroforests in Fiji, which, like agroforests across other small Pacific Islands, are critical to food security, contain much of the country's remaining lowland forests, and have rapidly declining levels of native biodiversity. We tested the relationships among social variables and native tree species richness in agroforests with structural equation models. The models were built with data from ecological and social surveys in 100 agroforests and associated households. The agroforests hosted 95 native tree species of which almost one‐third were endemic. Fifty‐eight percent of farms had at least one species considered threatened at the national or international level. The best‐fit structural equation model (R² = 47.8%) showed that social variables important for community resilience—local ecological knowledge, social network connectivity, and livelihood diversity—had direct and indirect positive effects on native tree species richness. Cash‐crop intensification, a driver of biodiversity loss elsewhere, did not negatively affect native tree richness within parcels. Joining efforts to build community resilience, specifically by increasing livelihood diversity, local ecological knowledge, and social network connectivity, may help conservation agencies conserve the rapidly declining biodiversity in the region.     

四川洪雅县农业气候资源的开发利用

农业气候资源的开发利用既包括农业气候资源在时间、空间和强度上的充分利用,也包括农业生态气候工程建设。从洪雅县农业气候资源的特点和农业生产的实际出发,作者探讨了该县农业气候资源开发利用的途径和方式,为该县农业生产提供了理论依据。     

农业生态环境保护的法制建设

概要地介绍了农业生态环境保护法制建设的必要性,提出了加强和完善农业环境保护法律,法规的具体思路,提出了农业生态环境保护法制建设中应注意的问题和解决办法。     

我国资源性农业废弃物转化利用存在的问题与对策

我国资源性农业废弃物数量庞大,但利用方式原始粗放、资源转化利用率较低.本文分析了我国资源性农业废弃物转化利用的现状,提出了目前存在的主要问题,从明确各方主体职能、提高农户的资源循环利用意识、完善财税政策、健全法律体系、加快商品化进程等方面提出了对策与建议,以期为有关部门制定相关政策提供依据.