地下水中Am的形态分布及影响因素

利用日本原子力学研究所于2010年9月提供的最新数据库,以北山的地下水为例,使用地球化学软件PHREEQC进行模拟.结果表明,结晶固体AmCO3OH.0.5H2O的溶解度很低,北山地下水中AmCO3＋占主导优势,其次为AmSiO（OH）23＋;Am在pH=4.5—5.8的条件下以Am3＋和AmSO4＋形态为主,在pH=5.8—8.3的条件下以AmCO3＋和AmSiO（OH）23＋为主,在pH=8.3—9.5的条件下以Am（CO3）2-为主;pH对Am存在形态影响很大,而pE对Am存在形态影响较小.CO2分压越大,水溶液中CO23-的摩尔浓度越低,使得Am（CO3）2-摩尔浓度降低,AmCO3＋与Am（CO3）2-摩尔浓度之和也降低,而Am3＋、AmHCO23＋和AmSO4＋的摩尔浓度升高.     

固定化啤酒酵母对241Am溶液吸附特性的研究

利用海藻酸钙包埋固定啤酒酵母,对放射性 241Am溶液进行吸附研究.结果表明在初始浓度为8.5 μg/L(1.08 MBq/L)的 241Am溶液中,pH1-4时固定化啤酒酵母吸附效果明显,吸附率在92%以上;接触2 h,吸附基本达到平衡;15～45℃范围内,温度对吸附行为无显著影响;固定化啤酒酵母重复吸附6次,其吸附率均大于90%,累积吸附量为0.5 μg/g(63.3 kBq/g);3次吸附后, 241Am溶液浓度可降为8.0×10 -5 μg/L(～10 Bq/L).     

中国几个地区土壤中239,240Pu、241Am和137Cs等放射性核素的测定

分别从北京、太原、石家庄和济南地区采集了深度为0-5和5-20cm的土壤样品,进行了~(239,240)Pu、~(241)Am、~(137)Cs、~(40)K以及天然铀、钍系放射性核素的测定.估计了样品中放射性核素的水平和分布.结果表明,~(239,240)Pu、~(241)Am和~(137)Cs 的平均累积沉降量分别为24+13、10±5和1230±700MBq/km~2.~(239,240)Pu/~(137)Cs活度比为0.016—0.026(平均值0.020±0.004),~(214)Am/~(239,240)Pu活度比为0.35—0.49(平均值0.43±0.05).还讨论了这些核素与土壤中“过剩”~(210)Pb之间的关系.     

QUANTIFICATION OF ACTINIDE MIGRATION PATHWAYS AT ROCKY FLATS,COLORADO1

ABSTRACT: Migration of plutonium, americium, and uranium (actinides) in the environment at the Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site (RFETS) is the subject of ongoing studies to develop effective strategies for cleanup and regulatory closure of the Department of Energy facility. The Actinide Migration Evaluation pathway analysis quantified actinide transport processes to validate a qualitative conceptual model of environmental actinide transport. Major actinide transport mechanisms evaluated include surface water, ground water, airborne, and biological pathways. Relative quantities of actinide movement via different pathways were compared in terms of actinide loads delivered off the RFETS, using a combination of monitoring data, predictive transport models and results from historic RFETS studies. Results indicate air and surface water constitute the dominant transport mechanisms for plutonium and americium. In ground water, shallow alluvial flow is a limited pathway for plutonium and americium because of the low aqueous solubility of these actinides and their tendency to sorb to soil. However, localized flow in shallow alluvium is a more significant pathway for uranium movement, because of the relatively higher solubility of uranium (VI) species, though isotopic ratios indicate much of the uranium is from natural sources. Biological transport of actinides by mammals, birds, fish, and arthropods is small compared to the other pathways.     

啤酒酵母吸附放射性核素~241Am的研究

研究了啤酒酵母吸附2 4 1Am的可行性及各种反应条件对吸附的影响 .结果表明 :在起始浓度C0 为 17 5 4μg L— 4386 0μg L(2 2 2MBq L— 5 5 5MBq L)的2 4 1Am溶液中 (pH =1) ,加入约 2 1g L(干重 )的啤酒酵母 ,2 4 1Am的平均吸附率高达 99%,吸附量W为 7 4 5 μg g— 1880 0 μg g(干重 ) (0 94MBq g— 2 37 9MBq g) .吸附反应在 1h左右达到平衡 ,反应温度为 10— 45℃ ,最适吸附酸度为pH 1— 3,吸附量与2 4 1Am浓度成指数关系 ,符合Freundlich经验公式 .即使Au3 + 、Ag+ 浓度高于2 4 1Am浓度 2 0 0 0多倍时 ,对啤酒酵母吸附2 4 1Am也无明显影响 .