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采用改性灰岩作为除氟材料,通过批实验和柱实验,考察不同条件下的除氟效果,并探讨了其实际应用的可能性。结果表明:FeCl3溶液联合灰岩除氟,可使高氟水中的氟浓度达到国家饮用水标准,在含氟水样中加灰岩后,直接加FeCl3会促进灰岩对氟的去除效率。在氟离子浓度为5 mg/L,粒径0.2~0.5 mm的灰岩为1 g的条件下,铁离子含量为0.016 mmol/L时,即可达到去除的最佳效果,除氟率可达95.74%。柱实验说明在FeCl3溶液浓度一定时,除氟率随着总出水量的增加而提高;填充的灰岩总量不变时,随着FeCl3溶液浓度的增加,除氟效果明显增加,说明本实验具有实际应用的可能性。 相似文献
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The protective effect of hydroxytyrosol (HT), a strong antioxidant compound from extra virgin olive oil, against TCDD induced toxicity was investigated in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). PBMC (1 × 106 cells mL−1) were divided into four groups and were incubated in a CO2 incubator (5% CO2) for 12 h with vehicle, TCDD (10 nM), TCDD + HT (10 nM + 100 μM) and HT alone (100 μM) respectively. To clarify the role of HT against TCDD induced cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and the levels of antioxidant enzymes were assessed. Incubation of PBMC with TCDD significantly decreased cell viability, catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and increased the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR) and oxidative stress markers such as lipid peroxidation products (LPO), protein carbonyl content (PCC) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Whereas, HT had an effective antioxidant property as observed by the increased cell viability, normalization of antioxidant enzymes and decreased levels of LPO, PCC and ROS in PBMC co-treated with HT and TCDD. Apoptosis detection and comet assay results shows that HT, by acting as an antioxidant, prevents the damage to DNA induced by TCDD. In addition light microscopic and histopathological observations revealed that the cells are apoptotic and degenerated during TCDD treatment, whereas cells showed intact morphology during co-treatment with HT. On the whole, the results reveal that HT exerts a promising antioxidant potential in protecting the PBMC against TCDD induced oxidative stress, which might be due to the presence of catechol moiety in its structure. 相似文献
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Sayuri Shimazu Masaya Ohta Hideyuki Inui Yoshihiko Nanasato Hitoshi Ashida Hideo Ohkawa 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(8):750-756
The transgenic Arabidopsis plants carrying a recombinant guinea pig (g) aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene expression system were generated for assays of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners. The selected transgenic Arabidopsis plant XgD2V11-6 exhibited a correlation between uptake of PCB126 and PCB126-induced GUS activity. Also, the plants showed induced GUS activity towards the supplemental indole 3-acetic acid (IAA). Thus, the GUS assay may reflect induction by both endogenous and exogenous AhR ligands. When biosurfactants, MEL-B, produced in the culture of yeast isolated from plants were used for assays of PCB congeners in the transgenic Arabidopsis plants, they showed marked PCB126 dose-dependent and toxic equivalency factor (TEF) dependent GUS activities. The effects of biosurfactants were clearer when the plants were cultivated on soils containing PCB congeners for 7 days as compared with on soils for 3 days as well as in the medium for 3 days. Threfore, it was estimated that biosurfactants form micellae with PCB congeners, which are easily uptaken by the plants in a mode of passive diffusion, transport into the aerial parts and then induce GUS activity. 相似文献
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聚合氯化铝与有机高分子复合絮凝剂形态分布研究 总被引:14,自引:2,他引:14
以聚合氯化铝PAC和自制有机高分子絮凝剂为原料制备了复合絮凝剂 (PACO)。采用Al Ferron逐时络合比色法研究了聚合氯化铝与有机高分子复合絮凝剂溶液中铝盐的形态分布及转化。考察了O A、碱化度B和熟化等因素对铝盐形态分布的影响。结果表明 ,当碱化度B为 2 .0 ,有机高分子与铝盐质量比 0 A从 0增加至 4时 ,Ala 含量从 2 0 .45 %缓慢降至 1 8.52 % ,Alb 含量从 49.54%升至55 .0 1 % ;当O A =1 ,B从 0 .5升至 2 .0时 ,Ala 含量从 65 .2 6 %降至 1 8.95 % ,Alb 含量从 2 6.76 %升至 53 .1 3 % ;此外 ,当熟化时间由 2 4h增加至 72h时 ,PAC中Ala 含量下降了 5 .93 % ,而相应PACO中Ala 含量仅下降 2 .62 % ,表明PACO溶液相对于PAC溶液具有较强的稳定性。 相似文献
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氯代芳烃催化氢转移脱氯的研究 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
本文以甲酸钠为氢源,对聚乙烯吡咯烷酮锚定的PdCl2催化氯代芳烃脱氯进行了研究,考察了反应条件对反应的影响,研究了脱氯的选择性。结果表明;该方法具有卓越的脱氯选择性,催化剂用量少,反应条件温和,操作简便。本文并对其脱氯反应机理进行了初步探讨。 相似文献
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水相催化芳香氯化物脱氯研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
通过把起相转移作用的聚乙二醇(PEG)链,键合到硅胶上,再将聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)络合双金属Pd-Cu后负载其上,制成一种新型双负载双金属催化剂PVP-PdCl2/SiO2-PEG600,以甲酸钠为氢转移试剂,在水相催水芳香氯化物脱氯,当反应温度80℃左右,n(Pd):n(Cu)=2:1,反应介质pH值11.7左右时,具有较高的催化脱卤活性,催化剂不但易于制备,便于分离,且具有良好的重复使用性能,经重复使用六次,转化率仍在70%以上。 相似文献
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从暴露于污染物蒽的鲤肝脏中提取出芳香烃受体,并采用紫外可见分光光度计进行最大吸收波长扫描,再通过离子交换层析法分离纯化鲤体内的芳香烃受体,并采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对受体进行鉴定,最后通过傅里叶变换红外光谱探讨芳香烃受体与蒽结合后的结构变化.结果表明,提取的芳香烃受体在280 nm处有特征吸收峰,测得质量浓度为27.3 mg/mL.通过离子交换层析法纯化了单一组分的受体蛋白质,其相对分子质量约为110 kD.测定了芳香烃受体的红外光谱,与蒽结合后其在一定波段的谱峰发生了明显位移,表明污染物配体蒽能与芳香烃受体结合,并对其蛋白二级结构产生明显影响. 相似文献
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Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) are formed during waste incineration and in waste-to-energy boilers. Incomplete combustion, too short residence times at low combustion temperatures (<700 °C), incineration of electronic waste and plastic waste containing chlorine are all factors influencing the formation of PCDD/Fs in boilers. The impact of chlorine and catalysing metals (such as copper and iron) in the fuel on PCDD/F formation was studied in a 12 MWth circulating fluidised bed (CFB) boiler. The PCDD/F concentrations in the raw gas after the convection pass of the boiler and in the fly ashes were compared. The fuel types were a so-called clean biomass with low content of chlorine, biomass with enhanced content of chlorine from supply of PVC, and solid recovered fuel (SRF) which is a waste fuel containing higher concentrations of both chlorine, and catalysing metals. The PCDD/F formation increased for the biomass with enhanced chlorine content and it was significantly reduced in the raw gas as well as in the fly ashes by injection of ammonium sulphate. A link, the alkali chloride track, is demonstrated between the level of alkali chlorides in the gas phase, the chlorine content in the deposits in the convection pass and finally the PCDD/F formation. The formation of PCDD/Fs was also significantly reduced during co-combustion of SRF with municipal sewage sludge (MSS) compared to when SRF was fired without MSS as additional fuel. 相似文献