Re-evaluation of thyroid hormone signaling antagonism of tetrabromobisphenol A for validating the T3-induced Xenopus metamorphosis assay

We developed the T3-induced Xenopus metamorphosis assay, which is supposed to be able to sensitively detect thyroid hormone(TH) signaling disruption of chemicals. The present study aimed to validate the T3-induced Xenopus metamorphosis assay by re-evaluating the TH signaling antagonism of tetrabromobisphenol A(TBBPA), a known TH signaling disruptor. According to the assay we developed, Xenopus tadpoles at stage 52 were exposed to 10–500 nmol/L TBBPA in the presence of 1 nmol/L T3. After 96 hr of exposure, TBBPA in the range of 10–500 nmol/L was found to significantly inhibit T3-induced morphological changes of Xenopus tadpoles in a concentration-dependent manner in term of body weight and four morphological endpoints including head area(HA), mouth width(MW), unilateral brain width/brain length(ULBW/BL), and hind-limb length/snout-vent length(HLL/SVL).The results show that these endpoints we developed are sensitive for characterizing the antagonistic effects of TBBPA on T3-induced metamorphosis. Following a 24-hr exposure,we found that TBBPA antagonized expression of T3-induced TH-response genes in the tail,which is consistent with previous findings in the intestine. We propose that the tail can be used as an alternative tissue to the intestine for examining molecular endpoints for evaluating TH signaling disruption. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the T3-induced Xenopus metamorphosis assay we developed is an ideal in vivo assay for detecting TH signaling disruption.     

军用电子设备的防雷措施研究

近年来,随着微电子技术和计算机网络在军用装备上的日益普及,雷电带来的危害和经济损失大大增加,仅依靠避雷针防雷己远远达不到电子、微电子、通信等设备的实际防雷需求。分析了雷电灾害对电子设备的危害,并针对目前军用电子设备的防雷现状提出了综合防雷措施。     

Polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in various bird species from northern China

Little data are available on organochlorine contamination in Chinese terrestrial birds of prey. This study examined the presence of PCBs, DDTs and other organochlorine pesticides in various raptors from northern China. DDE exhibited the highest concentrations among targeted compounds. Greatest levels (23.5-1020 mg/kg lipid weight) were observed in Eurasian sparrowhawks. This may be due to their stopover in southeastern China, where high DDT and dicofol applications have been documented. Residential kestrels exhibited much lower DDE, but similar PCB and HCH concentrations. ΣTEQs and PCB-126/-77 concentration ratios exhibited significant positive correlations with ΣPCB concentrations, respectively. Similar results were also demonstrated by a meta-analysis of previously published data across avian species. Possible hepatic sequestration of coplanar PCB-77, -126, -169 and -118 was observed as liver TEQs increased in Eurasian sparrowhawks. These observations may indicate an induction of CYP1A enzymes, as a result of elevated contamination in some species.     

Induction of hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes in mammals by pesticides: A review

Abstract

The induction of drug metabolizing enzymes in mammals is summarized including both enzymes of the cytochrome P‐450‐dependent microsomal mixed function oxidase system and glutathione S‐transferases. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of pesticides as inducers, the early work being summarized while investigations carried out at North Carolina State University are considered in greater detail. Finally, the possible significance of induction is considered.     

Rough Set Rule Induction for Suitability Assessment

The data that characterize an environmental system are a fundamental part of an environmental decision-support system. However, obtaining complete and consistent data sets for regional studies can be difficult. Data sets are often available only for small study areas within the region, whereas the data themselves contain uncertainty because of system complexity, differences in methodology, or data collection errors. This paper presents rough-set rule induction as one way to deal with data uncertainty while creating predictive if–then rules that generalize data values to the entire region. The approach is illustrated by determining the crop suitability of 14 crops for the agricultural soils of the Willamette River Basin, Oregon, USA. To implement this method, environmental and crop yield data were spatially related to individual soil units, forming the examples needed for the rule induction process. Next, four learning algorithms were defined by using different subsets of environmental attributes. ROSETTA, a software system for rough set analysis, was then used to generate rules using each algorithm. Cross-validation analysis showed that all crops had at least one algorithm with an accuracy rate greater than 68%. After selecting a preferred algorithm, the induced classifier was used to predict the crop suitability of each crop for the unclassified soils. The results suggest that rough set rule induction is a useful method for data generalization and suitability analysis.     

外源硫诱导下的Desulfovibrio desulfuricans sub sp.EPS特性及对Zn(Ⅱ)的吸附

研究了3种外源硫(Na₂SO₄、Na₂SO₃和Na₂S₂O₃·5H₂O)对Desulfovibrio desulfuricans sub sp.(D.desulfuricans sp.)的胞外聚合物(EPS)的胁迫/诱导作用。结果表明,在还原性硫源0.50g/L Na₂SO₃的条件下,EPS产量最高,为2104.39mg/g VSS,蛋白质含量为1888.52mg/g VSS,较胁迫/诱导前均提高了300%以上;其对Zn(Ⅱ)的吸附性能最好,为954.4mg/g EPS,提高了98.17%。三维荧光(3D-EEM)结果表明,胁迫/诱导后EPS中类酪氨酸均大量增加;傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)结果表明,胁迫后-OH、C=O、C-O-C等官能团均大量增加,在Zn(Ⅱ)的吸附中发挥了重要作用;X光电子能谱(XPS)结果表明,在还原性硫源(Na₂SO₃和Na₂S₂O₃·5H₂O)胁迫/诱导后,EPS中C-O/C-N、C=N和某种含氧基团(X)大量增加,可能是吸附Zn(Ⅱ)的主要基团。     

列车运行监控装置主机的超高斯加速振动试验研究

目的解决LKJ主机的超高斯振动试验问题。方法基于LKJ主机的实测振动环境数据,提出一种超高斯振动数据归纳方法,并应用该方法归纳出LKJ主机x、y、z向的实测PSD,同时按5.66的加速因子构建出超高斯加速振动试验剖面,其中x、y、z向PSD的RMS分别为3.34、6.28、3.85 m/s^(2),峰度分别为6.48、6.58、6.81,频率范围均为2~350 Hz。最后,采用超高斯加速试验剖面分别对2个LKJ主机进行超高斯振动试验验证。结果试验共激发出7类故障模式,这与特定线路运行LKJ主机现场故障模式高度吻合。结论该试验方法验证了LKJ主机超高斯加速振动试验的有效性。     

不同组合比例煤岩的电荷感应与微震规律试验研究

针对煤岩在屈服破坏过程中有微震和电荷信号产生这一特征,利用自行设计的微震和电荷感应信号监测试验系统,分析不同组合比例煤岩在变形破裂过程中微震和电荷信号的变化规律。研究结果表明:微震和电荷信号是低频信号,信号频谱集中分布在0~80 Hz,应力突变与微震信号和电荷信号的产生及变化有较好的一致性;随着“煤-岩”高度比的增加,试样的单轴抗压强度减小,试样屈服破裂时微震和电荷信号幅值增大,同步性增强,试件破坏的突发性增强;试件破坏过程中电荷比微震信号数更多,初次明显的电荷信号也早于初次明显的微震信号。     

机械振荡对猕猴桃愈伤组织的生理效应

通过机械振荡处理中华猕猴桃（Actinidia chinensis planch)茎段的愈伤组织，研究模拟振荡方式的力学刺激对木本植物愈伤组织生长分化的生理生化效应。结果表明，猕猴桃对机械振荡的应激效应与本实验室此前对草本植物非洲雏菊（Gerbera jamesonii acrocarpous)的研究有相似的结果。即适度的机械振荡（频率2-3Hz)可促进猕猴桃愈伤组织的生长，使胞内可溶性蛋白质含量升高，SOD活性升高，而IAA氧化酶活性质膜的通透性降低；但当振动强度超过一定范围（3Hz)后，愈伤组织的生长受到明显的抑制，可溶性蛋白质含量下降，SOD活性降低，而IAA氧化酶活性升高，同时细胞膜的封闭和完整性受到损伤，透性增大，研究显示植物对外界应力刺激的响应（应激效应）是很明显的图1表2参17。     

产聚乙烯醇降解酶的培养条件

放线菌StreptomycesvenezuelaeGY1产生的聚乙烯醇(PVA)降解酶是一种诱导酶.以4种不同类型的PVA为唯一碳源时,该菌株单位质量细胞产酶能力比以糖类物质为唯一碳源时提高10倍以上.聚合度和醇解度最高的PVA1799是该菌株产生PVA降解酶的适宜底物,其浓度为1gL-1时,PVA降解酶的产量为120u/g(细胞).培养基中PVA1799浓度由1gL-1上升到5gL-1时,该菌株单位质量细胞产酶能力下降73%,表明PVA1799浓度过高会抑制产酶.GY1菌株产酶的最适温度和pH分别为30℃和7.0.在GY1菌株生长过程中控制以下条件有利于产生PVA降解酶:(1)保持培养体系中较高的溶氧水平;(2)在氮源中补充NO-3;(3)在一定浓度范围内添加MgSO4·7H2O、CaCl2、MnSO4、BaCl2、ZnSO4、FeSO4·7H2O和CuSO4等金属盐.Pseudomonassp.产生的PVA降解酶能够作用伯醇或仲醇类化合物,以这些伯醇或仲醇类化合物代替培养基中的PVA,不能诱导GY1菌株产生PVA降解酶;而在培养基中有PVA存在时,再添加0.5gL-1的3戊醇和环己醇能够明显促进PVA降解酶的产生(单位质量细胞产酶能力分别提高了21%和32%).图8表1参10