基于RF-LSTM的鸡舍恶臭气体预测研究

以鸡舍氨气为研究对象,对鸡舍氨气预测模型进行了研究.首先,利用随机森林算法（RF）对影响鸡舍氨气浓度的环境变量进行重要性排序,选取温度、湿度、光照、气象温度、降雨量作为模型的输入变量;在此基础上,构建了基于长短时记忆神经网络（LSTM）的鸡舍氨气浓度预测模型,并将提出的预测模型应用于江苏省宜兴市某养鸡场的氨气浓度预测中,并与LSTM模型、RF-Elman模型和RF-BP模型进行了对比实验,结果表明,基于RF-LSTM模型的预测效果最好,其平均绝对误差（MAE）、平均绝对百分误差（MAPE）和均方根误差（RMSE）分别为0.9183、4.9637%和1.4262;同时,为了验证该模型的性能,本文还实现了不同时间尺度的鸡舍氨气浓度预测,提前2h、3h、4h、5h氨气预测的平均绝对误差（MAE）分别为1.6218、2.1991、2.8553和3.0677.本文提出的预测模型提高了鸡舍氨气浓度的预测精度,可为减少鸡舍恶臭气体排放提供科学依据.     

Simultaneous determination of parathion and p-nitrophenol in vegetable tissues by derivative spectrophotometry

A first derivative spectrophotometric method has been developedfor the determination of parathion and p-nitrophenol in vegetabletissues. Ethanol was used as solvent for extracting the compoundsfrom the tissues and subsequently the samples were evaluated against a vegetable tissue blank, directly by derivative spectrophotometry. The simultaneous determination of these compounds can be carried out using the zero-crossing approach for parathion at 253.0 nm and for p-nitrophenol at 273.1 nm. In the samples each analyte was determined in the presence of one another in the ranges between 4.9 to 3883.5 g g^-1 forparathion and 4.9 to 3285.3 g g^-1 for p-nitrophenol.The detection limits (3) were found to be 1.5 and 1.4 g g^-1 for parathion and p-nitrophenol, respectively. The relative standard deviations were in all instances less than1.8%. The proposed method was applied to the determination ofthe analytes in spiked leafs of corn. The results show a goodrecovery and they are in agreement with those obtained bypolarography.     

我国热带地区胶—茶—鸡农林复合系统物质循环研究

以海南省文昌市典型的胶—茶—鸡农林复合模式为研究对象 ,以单作胶园、胶茶间作园为对照 ,采用定量研究与定性分析相结合的方法 ,研究其物质循环规律。结果表明 ,胶—茶—鸡农林复合系统的氮、磷输入、输出量最大 ,系统外物质投入率比另两系统明显减少 ,系统内养分循环量增加 ,因此 ,该系统具有较合理的物质循环结构。     

Development and validation of LC-MS/MS method for the determination of Ochratoxin A and its metabolite Ochratoxin α in poultry tissues and eggs

The objective of this study was to develop a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the determination of Ochratoxin A (OTA) and Ochratoxin α (OTα) in poultry tissues and eggs. The two toxins were extracted by a mixture of acetonitrile/water, purified with a reversed phase C18 solid phase extraction column (SPE) and determined by LC-MS/MS. The LC-MS/MS method performances were evaluated in terms of linearity in solvent and in matrix (ranged from 0.5 to 15.10 µg L^?1 for OTA and from 0.60 to 17.85 µg L^?1 for OTα), limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), specificity, accuracy and precision in repeatability conditions. Recovery experiments were performed by spiking poultry liver, kidney, muscle and eggs around 1 µg kg^?1 and 10 µg kg^?1. LODs were 0.27 and 0.26 µg kg^?1 while LOQs were fixed at 1.0 and 1.2 µg kg^?1 for OTA and OTα, respectively. Main recoveries for OTA ranged from 82 to 109% and for OTα ranged from 55 to 89%. The values of within-laboratory relative standard deviation (RSD_r) were equal to or below 20%. Considering the results obtained and that all analytical performance criteria were fulfilled, the new extraction and purification method developed for OTA and OTα determination in animal tissues and eggs was found appropriate for control laboratories and research activities designed to ensure food safety.     

Effect of fipronil on biogas production performance during anaerobic digestion of chicken manure and corn straw

Fipronil is a broad-spectrum insecticide that has a good control effect on pests of commercial poultry. Although many studies have reported the environmental fate of fipronil, the influence of residual fipronil in poultry waste on biogas production has not been further explored yet. In this article, an experimental comparative study on anaerobic digestion (AD) of chicken manure (CM) and corn straw (CS) with different fipronil concentrations (FCs) was carried at 8% of total solid (TS) and mid-temperature (35?±?1)°C. The results showed that fipronil had a significant effect on biogas production during AD of CM and CS. When the FC is at a low level (≤10?mg·kg^?1), the biogas production rate is increased and the digestion period was shortened, while higher FC (≥ 20?mg·kg^?1) showed an inhibitory effect. During the monitoring of enzyme activity, low FC showed no significant effect on cellulase and saccharase, but the urease activity increased in the early stage. High FC showed inhibition of activity of cellulase and urease, but the saccharase activity was significantly inhibited until FC reached 40?mg·kg^?1. This study also confirms that the environment in anaerobic digester is favorable for the degradation of fipronil, and its half-life is about 15.83?days.     

Evaluation and validation of two different chromatographic methods (HPLC and LC-MS/MS) for the determination and confirmation of ochratoxin A in pig tissues

This study was undertaken to compare two different analytical methods for the determination and confirmation of ochratoxin A (OTA) in blood serum, kidney and liver of pigs. Sample clean-up was based on liquid-liquid phase extraction. The detection of OTA was accomplished with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) combined either with fluorescence detection (FL) or electro spray ionization (ESI+) tandem mass spectrometry (MS–MS). Comparative method evaluation was based on the investigation of 90 samples of blood serum, kidney and liver per animal originating from different regions of Serbia. The analytical results are discussed in view of the respective method validation data and the corresponding experimental protocols. In general, analytical data obtained with (LC–MS–MS) liquid chromatography electro spray tandem mass spectro metry detection offered comparable good results at the sub-ppb concentration level. The results indicate that the liquid chromatography electro spray tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method was more specific and sensitive for the analysis and confirmation of ochratoxin A in pig tissues then high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) method after methylation of OTA.     

Comparative effect of thymol or its glucose conjugate,thymol-β-d-glucopyranoside,on Campylobacter in avian gut contents

Campylobacter jejuni is an important human food-borne pathogen that can contaminate meat and poultry during processing. Consequently, strategies are sought to reduce the carriage of C. jejuni in food animals before they arrive at the abattoir. Thymol is a natural product that reduces survivability of Campylobacter in vitro, but its rapid absorption from the proximal alimentary tract limits its bactericidal efficacy in vivo. Thymol-β-d-glucopyranoside is more resistant to absorption than free thymol, but its administration to chickens has not been reported. In the present studies, 1 mM thymol-β-d-glucopyranoside was shown to exhibit near equal anti-Campylobacter activity as 1 mM thymol when incubated anaerobically in avian crop or cecal contents in vitro, resulting in reductions of 1.10–2.32 log₁₀ colony forming units mL^?1 in C. jejuni concentrations after 24 h incubation. In a follow-up live animal study, oral administration of thymol-β-d-glucopyranoside, but not free thymol, significantly lowered (>10-fold) recovery of Campylobacter from the crop of market-aged broilers when compared to placebo-treated controls (n = 6 broilers/treatment). Neither thymol-β-d-glucopyranoside nor thymol affected recovery of Campylobacter from cecal contents of the treated broilers. These results indicate that rapid absorption or passage of free thymol from the crop precluded its anti-Campylobacter activity at this site and throughout the entire gastrointestinal tract. Conversely, lower recovery of Campylobacter from the crop of birds treated with thymol-β-d-glucopyranoside indicates this conjugate was retained and able to be hydrolyzed to biologically active free thymol at this site as intended, yet was not sufficiently protected to allow passage of efficacious amounts of the intact glycoside to the lower gut. Nevertheless, these results warrant further research to see if higher doses or encapsulation of thymol-β-d-glucopyranoside or similar glycosides may yield an efficacious additive to reduce carriage of Campylobacter as well as other pathogens throughout the avian gut.     

养殖固体废物在硝酸和磷酸溶液中的水解特性

养殖固体废物掺杂磷肥工艺中养殖固体废物与酸的反应直接影响其有机组成。以鸡粪为研究对象,采用L16(45)正交试验研究了鸡粪粒径、酸浓度、鸡粪与酸溶液质量比、反应温度和反应时间对鸡粪在硝酸和磷酸溶液中水解过程的影响。结果表明,硝酸溶液中影响因素显著性依次为鸡粪与硝酸质量比、反应时间、硝酸浓度、鸡粪粒径、反应温度,最优工艺条件为鸡粪粒径0.20mm、硝酸质量分数15%、鸡粪与硝酸质量比0.2∶1.0、反应温度95℃、反应时间4h;在磷酸溶液中影响因素显著性依次为鸡粪与磷酸质量比、反应温度、鸡粪粒径、磷酸浓度、反应时间,鸡粪水解率与反应温度间呈正相关关系,最优工艺条件为鸡粪粒径0.40mm、磷酸质量分数60%、鸡粪与磷酸质量比0.1∶1.0、反应温度95℃、反应时间8h。鸡粪比表面积及其单位质量耗酸量、美拉德反应是制约鸡粪在硝酸和磷酸中水解反应的内因。研究结果为养殖固体废物掺杂有机磷肥的研发和推广提供了理论基础。     

浸水冷应激对雏鸡某些酶活性及消化道粘膜充血的影响

以海兰雄性雏鸡为试验对象,研究急性浸水冷应激对健康雏鸡某些酶活性消化道粘膜充血的影响。结果表明：雏鸡在浸水冷应激后血清肌酸激酶（CrK）呈一致性升高趋势;而丙氨酸氨基转肽酶（ALT）的活性则在冷应激后15min明显升高（P＞0.05）,而后降低,至120min时又恢复致冷应激前水平,雏鸡血清乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）在冷应激后15－60min呈渐进性升高,而后降低;血清γ－谷氨酰转肽酶（γ－GT）的变化趋势为,在冷应激后15min稍升高,而后则逐渐下降;血清尿素氮（BUN)的变化无是,在冷应激后60min降低,浸水应激后不同时间对海兰雏鸡消化道粘膜充血的结果表明：雏鸡在浸水应激后即刻观察造成消化道充血现象并不严重;而浸水应激后不同时间却对雏鸡消化道产生相对较强的影响,特别是冷应激后1－2h胃肠道充血比较严重。     

实验性糖尿病新西兰兔主要器官组织的病理学观察

将雄性新西兰兔随机分为:基础饲料组(即对照组:n=15)和高糖高脂饲料组(即实验组:n=15,喂食10％猪油,37％白蔗糖混合53％的基础饲料).共观察12周.于12周实验结束时,全部处死动物,取动物心脏、肝脏、胰腺、肾脏,用1O％福尔马林液固定,常规石蜡包埋切片,H、E染色,光学显微镜下观察并照相.结果表明:动物心肌细胞肥大,并出现灶性坏死,淋巴细胞浸润,心肌细胞间成纤维细胞增生和毛细血管增生,胶原纤维增加;肝细胞有明显脂肪变性,细胞肿胀;肾脏表现有肾小球球囊增大,细胞增多,毛细血管壁增厚,肾小管上皮细胞胞体增大;胰腺组织表现为胰岛分布稀疏,数量减少,胰岛萎缩,胰岛细胞数量减少,成纤维细胞增生.