冷应激对健康雏鸡某些内分泌活动的影响

以罗曼雄性雏鸡为试验对象,研究5d和10d龄健康雏鸡在低于正常饲养温度条件下,在一定时间内机体某些代谢激素的变化规律,结果表明：（1）5d龄雏鸡在两种低温情况下,血清三碘甲腺原氨酸（T3）变化显著,在冷应激最初几h内,T3先下降,至6h（15±1℃）和12h（10±1℃）又升高;血清四碘甲腺原氨酸（T4）变化不明显,在10±1℃情况下,在12h时显著降低;胰岛素（Ins）在两种低温情况下,均于2h时显著升高,而后呈波动性变化,（2）10d龄雏鸡在15℃±1℃条件下,T3在0．5～3h显著下降,至6h回升;T4在2h时显著升高（P＜0．05）;Ins在2h时升高（P＞0．05）,但3h时显著降低,而后又回升（3）血清皮质醇浓度均于冷应激后2h时有所升高,但差异不显著,而后呈波动性变化．     

Hematological responses of broiler chickens exposed to simulated crude petroleum emissions

Hematological responses of broiler chicken exposed to simulated crude petroleum emissions at varying distances over a period of 16 h daily were evaluated for 56 days in a poultry house. The burning of crude petroleum was simulated with a specially designed burner. The measured distances were 4, 8, or 12 m from the flame point. Control birds were located in a separate poultry building without the flame treatment. Gaseous emissions from the burning crude oil were monitored. Proprietory broiler starter and finisher diets were fed ad libitum. Blood samples were taken at the fourth and eighth weeks for hematological assay from each treatment. The hematological parameters assayed were hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils, and lymphocytes. Results indicated that the treatment did not significantly affect the Hb, PCV, and WBC constituents. Neutrophils significantly decreased while lymphocytes increased. The age of birds significantly increased Hb, PCV, and WBC levels in the blood.     

Hormonal responses of broiler chickens to simulated crude petroleum flame and fumes

Hormonal responses of broiler chickens exposed to crude petroleum flame and fumes at varying distances over a period of 16 h daily were evaluated for 56 days in a poultry house. The burning of crude petroleum was simulated in a designed burner. The measured distances were 4, 8, or 12 m from the flame point. The experimental design was a two-factor factorial in a completely randomized design (CRD) with factor A as distance from the crude petroleum flame and factor B was the age of birds in weeks. One hundred and eighty Anak day-old broiler chickens were divided into four groups of 45 birds each, replicated thrice at 15 birds per replicate. Control birds were located in a separate poultry building without the flame treatment. Gaseous emissions from the burning crude oil were monitored. Proprietary broiler starter and finisher diets were fed ad libitum. Blood samples were taken at the fourth and eighth week for hormone radioimmunoassay from each treatment. The hormones assayed were growth hormone (GH), thyroxine (T₄,), and adrenaline. Results indicated that treatments did not significantly alter hormonal levels. The age of birds significantly affected the levels of all three hormones measured.     

铝暴露对雏鸡免疫功能的影响

以1周龄伊莎雏鸡为实验对象,采用连续腹腔注射的方法,研究了铝暴露对雏鸡免疫功能的影响.实验设对照、低、中、高4个剂量组,暴露剂量分别为0、18.31、27.47、36.62mg·kg-1·d-1(Al3+),暴露60d后,检测雏鸡血清、脾脏和法氏囊中元素Al、Fe、Zn、Mn、Ca、Cu含量及血清补体(C3、C4)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量.结果表明,暴露60d后,与对照组雏鸡相比,低、中、高剂量组雏鸡血清、脾脏和法氏囊中Al、血清补体C4和TNF-α含量均有不同程度地升高,而Fe、Zn、Mn、Ca、Cu、C3和IL-2含量均有不同程度地降低;随着铝暴露剂量的增加,Al、C4和TNF-α含量逐渐升高,而Fe、Zn、Mn、Ca、Cu、C3和IL-2含量逐渐降低,均存在一定的剂量-效应关系.上述结果表明,铝暴露对雏鸡免疫功能具有明显的抑制作用.     

Furazolidone residues in chicken and swine tissues after feeding trials

Abstract

Broiler chickens and swine fed furazolidone in their diet were sacrificed, and samples of liver, kidney, skin/fat and muscle were harvested and analyzed for furazolidone residue. Chickens fed 200 g of furazolidone/ton of feed were withdrawn from treatment 21, 14, 7, 5, 3, or 0 days before slaughter. Birds withdrawn from medication more than 5 days prior to slaughter had no residues in any of the tissues sampled. One of the 12 birds in each of the 5 day and 3 day withdrawal groups had detectable residues in the skin/fat. Seven of the 12 birds in the 0 day withdrawal group had residues of <2 ppb in skin/fat samples. Chickens fed 400 g furazolidone/ton of feed were withdrawn from treatment 0 days before slaughter. Residues of 0.7 to 3.5 ppb were found in the skin of these birds; residues were not found in other tissues. Swine were fed 300 g furazolidone/ton of feed for 2 weeks or 150 g/ton for 5 weeks. They were withdrawn from treatment 10, 7, 5, 3, or 0 days before slaughter. Tissue samples taken from these swine did not contain detectable furazolidone residues.     

Fate and residues of 14C‐chloramphenicol in laying chickens 1

Abstract

Studies were conducted to determine the metabolic fate of chloramphenicol (CAP) in White Leghorn using the ^l4C‐labelled compound. In one experiment birds were administered orally via intra‐crop, a single dose of 100 mg (equivalent to 66 mg kg^‐1 body weight) of CAP containing 14 μCi ¹⁴C‐CAP, and its absorption, elimination and distribution in plasma were recorded. Orally dosed ¹⁴C‐compound was rapidly absorbed, efficiently distributed in plasma and eliminated in excreta (>70% in 5 hr). After 5 h, CAP equivalent residues in tissues were lower than 15 μg g^‐1 for this treatment. In a second experiment birds were given intra‐crop dose of either 0.5 or 5 mg of CAP (each dose contained 2.5 μCi ¹⁴C‐CAP) daily for five consecutive days followed by a seven day withdrawal period and elimination of ¹⁴C in excreta and eggs was monitored. More than 95% of the administered ¹⁴C was eliminated within the first 24 h after dosing. Radiocarbon (¹⁴C) was deposited preferentially in yolks compared to albumen or other tissues. Residues declined when feeding was stopped. Various metabolites were isolated and identified by a combination of TLC, LC, and LC‐MS. The main metabolic route of CAP in laying hens appears to be the glucuronidation. Cleavage of the dichloroacetate moiety was only a minor route.     

杜仲叶.粉对肉鸡生产性能及血液生化指标的影响

为探明杜仲叶粉对肉鸡生产性能及血液生化指标的影响，按0．5％、1％、1．5％、2％的比例在肉鸡的基础日粮中添加杜仲叶粉，以不添加杜仲叶粉作为对照，经60天饲养试验期后，对各组鸡的日增重、饲料报酬(增重与耗料之比)、胴体品质及血液生化指标进行检测，结果表明：杜仲叶粉能提高肉鸡饲料报酬，改善胴体品质，改善血液生化指标．     

论养鸡业的污染及治理

本文就养鸡业造成污染的原因进行了分析,指出了其对生产、生活环境及人畜健康带来的危害,并提出了符合国情的综合治理措施。     

苏云金芽胞杆菌无晶体突变株对小鼠和雏鸡的安全性

以苏云金芽胞杆菌无晶体突变株BMB304为受试菌株,对小鼠和雏鸡进行安全性测试,考察BMB304在鸡肠道中的存留情况,以探索利用苏云金芽胞杆菌S-层表面展示系统研制热稳定性禽用口服活菌疫苗的安全性和可行性.小鼠腹腔一次性注射1010 CFUBMB304菌液1.0 mL,观察14 d,未发现有急性毒性反应.小鼠饮用含BMB304 108 CFU/mL、107 CFU/mL和106 CFU/mL的饮用水28 d,各组小鼠精神和饮食正常,剖检未见异常变化,各剂量组小鼠体重变化、脏器系数、血常规指标及血液生化指标与对照组无显著性差异.雏鸡24 h内灌服1010 CFU BMB304芽胞液1.0mL,14 d内未出现急性毒性反应.饲喂雏鸡含BMB304芽胞108 CFU/g、107 CFU/g和106 CFU/g饲料28 d,雏鸡精神和饮食正常,剖检未见异常变化,各剂量组的日增重与对照组差异不显著.饲喂雏鸡含BMB304芽胞106 CFU/g饲料3 d后,经测定,芽胞能在肠道中萌发并至少存留5 d但不超过7 d.研究表明,苏云金芽胞杆菌无晶体突变株BMB304对小鼠和雏鸡安全无毒,且能在鸡肠道内暂时定植,能被用于研制在细胞表面展示外源抗原并能常温长期保存的新型禽用口服疫苗.