Safety assessment of the film boiling chemical vapor infiltration (FB-CVI) process through a system-theoretic accident model and process (STAMP)

Film boiling chemical vapor infiltration (FB-CVI) is considered as one of the fastest process methodologies for manufacturing carbon-carbon (C–C) composite products and possesses various advantages compared to conventional methodologies. However, there are safety concerns associated with this process for large-scale manufacturing, mainly owing to the intrinsic nature of the precursor and the process conditions. Considering the multifunctional interactions of the various systems during the process, a system-theoretic process analysis (STPA)/system theoretic accident model and process (STAMP) model is used to perform a safety analysis of the hazardous states of the FB-CVI process at the system level. As a case study, the FB-CVI process equipment employed for the manufacturing of C–C composites is considered. The safety constraints present in the system are assessed for adequacy through a hazard analysis by STPA/STAMP. The analysis through STPA/STAMP demonstrated the capability to create proactive strategies for the design and realization of process equipment that can be employed to manufacture C–C composite products through the FB-CVI process.     

Study on Assessing Economic Vulnerability of Small Island Regions

The main purpose of this study is to assess economic vulnerability of small island development regions as part of their sustainability constraints. By combining economic and environmental time series data, we assessed a composite index of economic vulnerability which is constructed from three exogenous variables, namely economic exposure, economic remoteness, and economic impact of environmental and natural disasters. We used the Amami Islands, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan as the case studies for this paper.The results indicated that using a gross island products based valuation index, Kikaijima is the most vulnerable island in the Amami Islands with a composite economic vulnerability index (CEVI) value of 0.678, while by using a per capita based index, Okinoerabujima is considered the most vulnerable island with a CEVI value of 0.680. From the results we also revealed that smaller islands have relative higher vulnerability than the bigger one, which also confirms some previous country-level vulnerability studies.However, it is matter of fact that some islands that have relatively high vulnerability also have good economic performance as shown by their per capita income. In this regard, it can be argued that the success of these small islands could have been achieved in spite of and not because of their inherent vulnerability conditions as an indicator of sustainability constraint. Regarding these findings, we also examined a comparison between vulnerability results and the preliminary concept of an island's resilience in order to capture another perspective on sustainability assessment in a small island region.     

Pt负载暴露(001)晶面Bi2WO6催化剂合成及光催化性能

通过水热法制备了暴露（001）晶面的Bi₂WO₆纳米片,利用光还原法将Pt纳米颗粒负载于其表面.选择苯甲醇氧化和罗丹明B（RhB）降解为探针反应,评价了催化剂的光催化性能.在苯甲醇氧化实验中,Pt负载暴露001晶面的Bi₂WO₆样品的苯甲醇转化率为20.7%,约为未负载样品的2倍.在RhB降解实验中,Pt负载样品在光照40min后对RhB的矿化率可达81.1%,而未负载样品RhB矿化率仅为55.8%,表明Pt负载样品具有更优的降解速率和矿化能力.催化剂性能的提升归因于高能晶面暴露和Pt负载的协同作用.Pt纳米颗粒的负载作为助催化剂增加了催化剂表面的活性位点,同时提高了晶面光生电子空穴对的分离和迁移效率.     

Long-term effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of silver nanoparticles on microbial biomass, enzyme activity, and functional genes involved in the nitrogen cycle of loamy soil

The increasing production and use of engineered silver nanoparticles (AgNP) in industry and private households are leading to increased concentrations of AgNP in the environment. An ecological risk assessment of AgNP is needed, but it requires understanding the long term effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of AgNP on the soil microbiome. Hence, the aim of this study was to reveal the long-term effects of AgNP on soil microorganisms. The study was conducted as a laboratory incubation experiment over a period of one year using a loamy soil and AgNP concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 1?mg?AgNP/kg soil. The short term effects of AgNP were, in general, limited. However, after one year of exposure to 0.01?mg?AgNP/kg, there were significant negative effects on soil microbial biomass (quantified by extractable DNA; p?=?0.000) and bacterial ammonia oxidizers (quantified by amoA gene copy numbers; p?=?0.009). Furthermore, the tested AgNP concentrations significantly decreased the soil microbial biomass, the leucine aminopeptidase activity (quantified by substrate turnover; p?=?0.014), and the abundance of nitrogen fixing microorganisms (quantified by nifH gene copy numbers; p?=?0.001). The results of the positive control with AgNO3 revealed predominantly stronger effects due to Ag⁺ ion release. Thus, the increasing toxicity of AgNP during the test period may reflect the long-term release of Ag⁺ ions. Nevertheless, even very low concentrations of AgNP caused disadvantages for the microbial soil community, especially for nitrogen cycling, and our results confirmed the risks of releasing AgNP into the environment.     

包装箱用碳纤维增强复合材料贮存寿命研究

目的研究碳纤维增强复合材料贮存条件下的性能变化趋势和寿命评估。方法对碳纤维增强复合材料开展四个不同温度条件下的热氧老化试验,按试验周期定期取样开展冲击性能测试,对试验数据采用寿命预估方法进行处理,对材料性能进行预估。结果通过数据计算分别得到我国热带海洋、干热沙漠等典型气候条件下的碳纤维增强复合材料贮存寿命分别为17.21~35.89年。结论碳纤维增强复合材料具有较好的贮存性能,在较为严酷的热带海洋气候和给定的失效判据条件下,寿命预计为17.21年。试验和数据处理方法可以较好地预计材料的性能变化趋势和开展寿命评估。     

海水环境下玻璃纤维增强复合材料力学性能演化规律研究

目的 研究海水环境下海流能发电机组叶片用玻璃纤维复合材料力学性能的变化规律.方法 在实验室内通过海水浸泡试验、拉伸试验、弯曲试验以及剪切试验,测定叶片用玻璃纤维树脂基复合材料的吸水特性,以及在人工海水介质中各项力学性能参数的演变规律.结果 随着浸泡时间的增加,玻璃纤维树脂基复合材料吸水率先逐步增大、后趋于稳定,总吸水率约0.075％.抗拉强度呈先降低、后提高、又降低的趋势,抗拉强度最高可超过1100 MPa,最小值约为940 MPa.弹性模量和弯曲强度呈逐渐降低的趋势,弹性模量降幅约9.5％,弯曲强度降幅约为30％.弯曲模量变化起伏不定,变化幅度在15％以内.材料剪切强度呈先增大、后降低的趋势,最小值为189 MPa,较初始值高10 MPa.剪切模量呈先降低、后提高的现象,在浸泡28 d时,剪切模量最小,为16.4 GPa.结论 玻璃纤维增强树脂基复合材料经过长期海水浸泡后,拉伸及抗剪切性能略有降低,但降幅不大,抗弯性能下降明显,需要在叶片结构设计和强度计算时,充分考虑抗弯性能衰减的负面影响.     

镀液循环流量对封闭循环电沉积Ni-SiC复合镀层的影响

目的 研究封闭式镀液循环装置中不同镀液循环流量对Ni-SiC复合镀层的影响规律,优化镀液循环流量参数.方法 以Q235管状工件为待镀基体,以添加SiC颗粒的改良瓦特镀液为母液,在自主研发的封闭式镀液循环电镀装置中以0.3、0.5、0.7 m3/h的镀液循环流量于管件内壁制备Ni-SiC复合镀层,通过SEM检测、XRD测试、硬度测试和摩擦磨损性能测试等手段,对各Ni-SiC复合镀层宏微观形貌、厚度、成分、结构、硬度和耐磨性进行分析研究.结果 在0.5 m3/h流量条件下,镀层厚度为32.98μm,SiC颗粒含量为15.37％,镀层晶粒尺寸和硬度分别为10.84 nm和704HK0.245,该条件下制备的Ni-SiC复合镀层具有最佳耐磨性,摩擦系数为0.41,体积磨损率仅2.83×10–5 mm3/Nm.结论 在不同镀液循环流量参数下,采用该封闭式循环电镀装置,均可制得均匀完整的Ni-SiC复合镀层.随镀液循环流量的升高,镀层厚度和SiC颗粒体积含量均降低,镀层颜色金属光泽增强,镀层晶粒尺寸先减小、后增大,镀层硬度则先升高、后降低.     

水泥土桩复合地基桩土应力参数研究

本文首先通过理论分析，认为桩土应力比、桩土荷载分担比等是反映水泥土桩复合地基工作性状的重要参数。然后通过现场试验，研究桩土应力比、桩土荷载分担比随荷载变化的规律。结果认为：随着荷载增加，桩土应力比逐渐减小，当比值达到某一特征值后，不再发生明显变化；桩土应力比、桩土荷载分担比不为常数，其变化是桩土变形协调的结果。最后得出有一定参考价值的结论。     

湖泊、水库水的强化混凝除藻的试验研究

就高锰酸钾复合药剂强化混凝对湖泊、水库水中藻类的去除进行了研究，试验表明：投加一定量的高锰酸钾复合药剂可显著提高水中藻类的去除率。将经与预氯化、预投加高锰酸钾除藻工艺进行比较，表明高锰 酸钾复合药剂强化混凝除藻效率明显优于传统预氯化、预投加高锰酸钾除藻工艺。     

特种胶塑复合管抗张强度计算

通过对特种胶塑复合管的抗张强度计算和生产实践，证明了矿用充填管路采用胶塑复合管是可行的。为矿用充填管以胶塑复合管替代铁管提供了依据。