Protozooplankton in the Deep Oligotrophic Traunsee (Austria) Influenced by Discharges of Soda and Salt Industries

Traunsee is a deep oligotrophic lake in Austria characterised by an artificial enrichment of chloride in the hypolimnion (up to 170 mg L^-1) caused by waste disposal of soda and salt industries. Protists were collected monthly over one year, observed alive and after Quantitative Protargol Staining (ciliates) or via epifluorescence microscopy (heterotrophic flagellates). Three sites within the lake (0–40 m depths) were compared to deeper water layers from 60–160 m depths where chloride concentrations and conductivity were increased. In addition, we observed the protozooplankton of two neighbouring lakes, i.e. reference systems, during one sampling occasion. In Traunsee the abundance of ciliates was low (200–36 600 cells L^-1) in contrast to high species diversity (at least 60 different species; H_S = 2.6) throughout the year. The main pelagic species in terms of abundance were small oligotrichs and prostomatids like Rimostrombidium brachykinetum/hyalinum, Balanion planctonicum and Urotricha spp. throughout the investigation period. Among free-living heterotrophic flagellates, which occurred at densities of 40–2800 cells mL^-1, small morphotypes dominated in the pelagial. No differences at the community level between the three lakes could be observed and pelagic ciliates and flagellates seemed not to be affected by increased chloride concentrations or by enhanced conductivity.     

Assessment of the Ecological Integrity of Traunsee (Austria) Via Analysis of Sediments and Benthic Microbial Communities

Since nearly one hundred years Traunsee experiences the import of tons of liquid and solid waste originating from salt and soda production. Today, the lake exhibits chloride concentrations of up to 170 mg L^-1 and 19% of the lake floor are directly or indirectly influenced by industrial deposits (ID). Based on the comparison of several microbial parameters in unaffected, directly affected and intermediate lake bottom sediments, the ecological integrity of the lake was evaluated. The highly alkaline ID, which were exclusively colonized by microorganisms, harbored a bacterial community reduced by a factor of 10 in abundance and biomass compared to undisturbed sediment areas within the lake. The bacterial community of ID was furthermore characterized by a reduced content of actively respiring cells (INT-formazan reduction), a lower frequency of dividing cells (FDC) and a significantly reduced cell and biomass production. A 80 to 90% reduction in carbon recycling is estimated for the area exclusively covered by ID. Protists, although occasionally absent from the industrial sediments, were in general found to be less sensitive to the contaminant stress. Differences in alkalinity and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations of sediment porewaters as well as the total organic content and C/N ratios of sediments partly explain the microbial pattern observed at the various sampling sites. Possible consequences of the continuous industrial tailings for the whole lake ecosystem and the validation of the ecological integrity are discussed.     

白洋淀的纤毛虫调查与水质评价

对白洋淀纤毛虫的种类组成、优势种进行了初步调查,同时对水质进行理化监测,共鉴定出纤毛虫48种。白洋淀纤毛虫主要由耐有机污染的种群组成,说明白洋淀主要受有机污染。并跟据Marsson引出的污水生物体系法对水质进行了初步评价,纤毛虫的种类数与水体中TN、TP、BOD5有着密切关系。     

庆阳市庆城县退耕还林区土壤纤毛虫群落特征

为研究土壤纤毛虫群落对不同退耕模式生态恢复的响应及利用其群落特征来评价退还效果,采用“非淹没培养皿法”、活体观察法和培养直接计数法对甘肃省庆阳市庆城县退耕10年后的多树种混交林(APR)和单一树种经济林(A)以及两个农田对照样地(CK1和CK2)的土壤纤毛虫群落特征进行定性定量研究,同时测定各样地土壤温度、含水量、pH值、电导率、土壤孔隙度、有机质、总氮、总磷、总钾、速效氮、速效磷和速效钾含量,并分析不同退耕还模式下土壤纤毛虫群落特征参数与土壤理化因子间的相关关系。结果为:共鉴定到土壤纤毛虫127种,隶属10纲21目34科52属;退耕样地与农田对照样地土壤纤毛虫物种分布存在明显差异,退耕样地间的物种相似性减小,群落组成复杂化,纤毛虫密度、多样性指数和丰富度指数均显著高于对照(P<0.05),其中混交林物种多样性最高;土壤纤毛虫优势类群由农田样地的肾形目(Colpodida)逐渐过渡为退耕样地的散毛目(Sporadotrichida);相关性分析可知,有机质、总氮、孔隙度和pH是影响土壤纤毛虫群落组成的关键因子,不同退耕模式下土壤纤毛虫群落组成差异较大,表明土壤纤毛虫群落对该地区退耕还林生态恢复工程发生了积极的响应,因此土壤纤毛虫群落特征参数可以作为评价退还效果的重要指标。     

甘肃徽县水阳江铅锌污染段纤毛虫群落特征及对水质的评价

2006年10月至2008年5月,在甘肃徽县水阳江铅锌污染段选择4个样点,分别在3个水期采集水样,研究了纤毛虫物种多样性及群落结构.共鉴定到纤毛虫52种,隶属于3纲12目29科33属.利用纤毛虫群落特征指标对水阳江铅锌污染段的水质进行了初步评价.综合评价结果显示,4个样点受污染程度为县城＞厂区＞牟坝＞对照,污染级别为中度至重度.初步筛选出瓜形膜袋虫(Cyclidium citrullus)、尾草履虫(Paramoecium caudatum)、薄漫游虫(Litonotus lamella)作为铅锌污染水体的指示物种.