Acceleration of floc-water separation and floc reduction with magnetic nanoparticles during demulsification of complex waste cutting emulsions

Waste cutting emulsions are difficult to treat efficiently owing to their complex composition and stable emulsified structure. As an important treatment method for emulsions, chemical demulsification is faced with challenges such as low flocs–water separation rates and high sludge production. Hence, in this study, Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were used to enhance chemical demulsification performance for treating waste cutting emulsions under a magnetic field. The addition of MNPs significantly decreased the time required to attain sludge–water separation and sludge compression equilibrium, from 210 to 20 min. In addition, the volume percentage of sludge produced at the equilibrium state was reduced from 45% to 10%. This excellent flocculation–separation performance was stable over a pH range of 3–11. The magnetization of the flocculants and oil droplets to form a flocculant–MNP–oil droplet composite, and the magnetic transfer of the composite were two key processes that enhanced the separation of cutting emulsions. Specifically, the interactions among MNPs, flocculants, and oil droplets were important in the magnetization process, which was controlled by the structures and properties of the three components. Under the magnetic field, the magnetized flocculant–MNP–oil droplet composites were considerably accelerated and separated from water, and the sludge was simultaneously compressed. Thus, this study expands the applicability of magnetic separation techniques in the treatment of complex waste cutting emulsions.     

钢厂热锯机噪声控制方案

某钢厂热锯机的工作噪声问题严重影响附近居民的日常生活，急需解决。根据其发声机理，通过采取对圆盘锯边缘开槽，安装吸隔声罩，对锯片增加阻尼材料，夹紧工件等措施取得了较好的降噪效果。     

使用清洁能源,改善煤烟型污染城市大气质量--可再生能源水源热泵技术的应用

本文从热泵工作原理入手，阐述了可再生能源水源热泵技术替代解决燃煤城市冬季采暖的能源问题，进而为改善大气环境质量，推广应用清洁能源做一有益的尝试。同时也为治理乌鲁木齐市的大气污染及调整能源结构提出了一条新思路。     

燃煤工业锅炉SO2污染防治技术的选择及评价--中国燃煤工业锅炉SO2污染综合防治对策(八)

论述了中国燃煤工业锅炉SO2污染防治技术的选择及评价，其中主要包括：《中国燃煤工业锅炉SO2污染综合防治对策》的产生、主要内容、特点、选择、评价及其实施的意义。     

截齿截割煤体变形破坏过程数值模拟研究

采用应变软化的模型,使用连续介质快速拉格朗日分析法(FLAC,FastLagrangianAnaly-sisofContinue)进行数值模拟计算;研究截齿截割作用下煤体变形破坏过程;分析各种工况下不同参数对煤体塑性区、最大位移、最大主应力、最大剪应力的影响。研究表明:截割力与塑性区大小成正比,位移、剪应力、主应力随截割力增大而增大;截深与塑性区大小成反比;截割角度与塑性区面积关系密切,试验用煤体最佳截割角度为5°左右;截割速度增加,塑性区面积减小;通过分析截割动态过程,得到位移矢量图及剪应变等值线图,发现截割过程中煤体的破坏是拉、剪联合作用的结果,以剪破坏为主。     

用于煤矿安全切割的前混合磨料射流加速机理研究

前混合磨料射流具有切割各种材料无火花、所需设备压力低以及操作简单等优点,具有广泛应用井下安全切割的功能。笔者根据建立的磨料粒子运动方程,推导出具有普遍意义的匀速流场内粒子路程函数以及用数值分析法求解出粒子在喷嘴内的速度;通过理论分析和具体的数值计算,磨料最主要的加速过程是在收缩段内完成,磨料粒子从喷嘴喷出时已能高达水流速度的95 %以上,磨料粒子在离开喷嘴在射流的核心段内仍将继续得到加速;同时发现,在条件允许的情况下,喷嘴的收缩段应适当长些,喷嘴圆柱段长度为喷嘴出口直径的2 .5～3.0倍最合适。     

FY2 号气象卫星估算地面太阳辐射研究

综合考虑太阳因素、地形因素、地表积雪覆盖情况、云量以及非均质大气对太阳辐射的影响,基于FY2 号静止卫星构建晴空太阳总辐射计算模型,并利用山西省3 个辐射观测站2011 年逐时、逐日、逐月太阳总辐射观测资料对其估算结果进行检验。研究结果显示：逐时误差在±1 MJ·m^-2之间,逐日误差在±5 MJ·m^-2之间,表明模型计算的太阳辐射误差较小,稳定性较好;逐月误差结果显示,三个站模拟值都大于实测值,且误差趋势一致,均表现为冬季误差高于夏季;进一步对模拟值和实测值进行相关性分析,三站线性拟合度均在0.86～0.92 之间,且相关系数均达到显著相关水平,表明模型计算的太阳辐射准确性和精度较高,且在数值拟合上较好地反映了实际的太阳总辐射量,证实该模型应用于FY2 号气象卫星的可行性。     

高应力巷道底臌变形机理及控制技术分析

为了分析高应力巷道底臌变形机理,以铜川玉华煤矿2407工作面巷道为研究背景,采用理论分析和现场观测相结合的研究方法。根据巷道底臌主要由原岩应力、支承应力、围岩遇水膨胀、流变作用而引起进行分析,推导出计算底臌量的表达式。针对玉华煤矿高应力巷道底臌变形,提出在巷道顶板采用锚网梁索支护,帮部采用锚网支护的原支护条件下,底板采用锚杆注浆和切槽联合支护方式控制底臌。现场观测结果表明:这种联合支护方式能够有效控制巷道底臌变形,底臌量降低了61.5%。将底臌量理论解与现场监测的结果进行比较,误差小于8.93%,验证了理论的合理性,为巷道底臌量分析提供了参考。     

A method to estimate the impact of clear-cutting on nutrient concentrations in boreal headwater streams

Large-scale forestry operations, like clear-cutting, may impair surface water quality if not done with environmental considerations in mind. Catchment and country level estimates of nutrient loads from forestry are generally based on specific export values, i.e., changes in annual exports due to the implemented forestry operations expressed in kg ha⁻¹. We introduce here a specific concentration approach as a method to estimate the impact of clear-cutting on nutrient concentrations and export in headwater streams. This new method is potentially a more dynamic and flexible tool to estimate nutrient loads caused by forestry, because variation in annual runoff can be taken into account in load assessments. We combined water quality data from eight boreal headwater catchment pairs located in Finland and Sweden, where the effect of clear-cutting on stream water quality has been studied experimentally. Statistically significant specific concentration values could be produced for total nitrogen, nitrate, ammonium, and phosphate. The significant increases in the concentrations of these nutrients occurred between 2 and 6 years after clear-cutting. Significant specific concentration values could not be produced for total phosphorus and total organic carbon with the whole dataset, although in some single studies significant increases in their concentrations after clear-cutting were observed. The presented method enables taking into account variation in runoff, temporal dynamics of effects, and the proportional size of the treated area in load calculations. The number of existing studies considering large site-specific variation in responses to clear-cutting is small, and therefore further empirical studies are needed to improve predictive capabilities of the specific concentration values.     

浅析XLDM型脉冲袋式除尘器在CFB锅炉上的应用

介绍了兖矿国宏化工公司2台160 t/h CFB锅炉配套XLDM-5700型袋式除尘器的实际运行情况,从除尘效率、喷吹方式、运行能耗等方面分析了袋式除尘器的性能,并总结出XLDM型袋式除尘器最佳运行方式。