Influence of phytoplankton on complexing capacity of seawater†

Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (DPASV) was employed to measure Apparent Copper Complexing Capacity (L_t) and Stability Constants (K_s) of related cupric complexes of cell exudates of the phytoplanktonic alga Dunaliella salina. Three natural seawater samples collected 0.1, 2, 5 miles off the Tyrrhenian coast were used as culture medium. The measurements were carried out 1h and 7 days after the inoculum. Furthermore, on one culture the medium was passed through C₁₈‐SEP‐PAK cartridges in order to separate the cell exudates. The results show that Dunaliella salina influences the value of L_t but does not affect the value of K_s . The C₁₈SEP‐PAK retain only 50% of the ligands produced by the cells and capable of complexing copper.     

Formation of aerobic granules in the presence of a synthetic chelating agent

This paper examines the development of aerobic granular sludge in the presence of a synthetic chelating agent, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), in sequencing batch reactors (SBR). The growth of seed sludge at 0.26 mM, 0.52 mM and 1.05 mM of NTA was found to be significantly lower as compared to that in the absence of NTA. Aerobic granulation was significantly enhanced in the three SBRs (R2, R3 and R4), which were fed with 0.26 mM, 0.52 mM and 1.05 mM of NTA as a co-substrate, in comparison to the acetate-alone fed SBR (R1). After 2 months of operation, the mean diameter of the biomass stabilized at 0.35 mm in R1 (acetate alone), as compared to 2.18 mm in R4 (1.05 mM NTA+acetate). NTA degradation was established in SBRs, with almost complete removal during the SBR cycle. Batch experiments also showed efficient degradation of NTA by the aerobic granules.     

负载型燃烧催化剂La_(0.8)Ce_(0.2)CoO_3/Ce_(0.8)Zr_(0.2)O_2制备及性能研究

以复合氧化物La0.8Ce0.2CoO3为活性组分,Ce0.8Zr0.2O2固溶体为载体,采用柠檬酸络合法制备出负载型燃烧催化剂La0.8Ce0.2CoO3/Ce0.8Zr0.2O2。用XRD、BET和SEM对其进行表征,考察了焙烧温度、反应时间、反应温度及H2S存在对催化剂活性的影响。结果表明,载体表面形成了均一的钙钛矿相;该负载型催化剂对二甲苯完全氧化反应具有较高的催化活性,有良好的热稳定性、操作稳定性和强的抗H2S毒化能力。这可能是载体与负载组分之间密切的协同作用所导致。     

胶州湾海洋微表层铜络合的容量

采用阳极溶出伏安法测定了2004年胶州湾海水微表层和次表层金属铜离子的络合容量和条件稳定常数,系统地探讨了其分布规律及其与COD、DOC、TN和TP的相关性.结果表明,胶州湾海水微表层铜络合容量有富集现象,平均值微表层为3.85×10^-7mol·L^-1,次表层为2.45×10^-7mol·L^-1,富集倍数1.56.条件稳定常数(lgK)微表层为7.21,次表层为7.21;且3月、9月微表层小于次表层,6月、12月微表层大于次表层.胶州湾铜络合容量东北部>西北部>南部>中部>湾口;且9月>6月>12月>3月.海水微表层和次表层铜络合容量与COD、DOC存在显著正相关性,而与TN、TP存在较好负相关性.     

两种水体铜配合容量测试方法的适用性比较及应用

配合(络合)容量是影响重金属在水体中环境行为的重要指标.为比较两种测量方法测量值的差异及人为污染物对配合容量的影响,以乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)和安赛蜜分别作为强、弱配体,对水体铜配合容量(Cu CC)的双硫腙萃取动力学测试法(萃取法)和离子选择电极测试法(电极法)进行验证和比较.研究发现,萃取法更适合用于测定水体中强配体对Cu CC的贡献,而电极法的测试结果与水溶液中强、弱配体的存在均有关联.两种方法对实际水体的测定结果显示,电极法对水库、排污河等地表水体Cu CC的测定值(86.9~227.0μmol·L~(-1))比萃取法(9.9~14.6μmol·L~(-1))高约1个数量级,而对于垃圾渗沥液,电极法的测定值(6 998.4~31 005.8μmol·L~(-1))比萃取法(89.6~109.1μmol·L~(-1))高2个数量级.结果表明,污染受纳水体重金属络合容量的升高主要是由弱配体化合物增加导致,且弱配体的含量与水体氨氮和有机氮的总和具有显著的相关性(R=0.975,P0.01).     

亚临界湿式氧化法脱除含油污泥中的重金属

采用亚临界湿式氧化法及金属络合剂协同亚临界湿式氧化法去除含油污泥中的重金属,考察了去除效果,优化了反应条件,并探讨了脱除重金属的含量上限。实验结果表明:在1 L反应釜内加入200 g含油污泥,在反应温度200℃、反应时间60 min、液固比(去离子水与含油污泥的质量比)0.30的优化条件下,Cu和Zn的去除率分别可达67.3%和22.0%;加入金属络合剂后,各重金属的去除率均有明显提高;在金属络合剂加入量为0.05mol/L的优化条件下,应用金属络合剂协同亚临界湿式氧化法可将2.5倍于CJ/T 309—2009《城镇污水处理厂污泥处置农用泥质》B级标准的重金属含量降至标准范围内。     

络合-电沉积法制备TiO_2纳米管负载Ag光催化剂

采用柠檬酸钠作为络合剂,通过络合-电沉积法制备了TiO2纳米管负载Ag光催化剂(Ag/TiO2NTs),通过FE-SEM和XRD等手段对Ag/TiO2NTs进行了表征。以偶氮染料甲基橙(MO)为目标降解物,考察了不同制备条件对Ag/TiO2NTs光催化性能的影响。表征结果显示,柠檬酸钠可以有效调控Ag+的电化学还原过程,实现Ag纳米颗粒在TiO2纳米管表面的均匀负载。实验结果表明:以在n(柠檬酸钠)∶n(Ag NO3)=1、电流密度为0.4 m A/cm2、煅烧温度为500℃的条件下制得的Ag/TiO2NTs作为光催化剂(Ag负载量为1.97%(x)),处理初始质量浓度为20 mg/L、初始溶液p H为9的MO溶液,光催化反应120 min后MO去除率为86.53%;经过6次的重复使用,Ag/TiO2NTs催化剂光催化降解MO的去除率基本稳定在80%以上。     

络合萃取法处理甲苯硝化废水

甲苯硝化废水含有多种芳香族硝基酚类物质，毒性大、治理难。江苏淮河化工总厂根据络合萃取原理，选择ＱＨ溶剂作萃取剂、选用ＨＬ离心萃取器，对该种废水作四级逆相络合萃取法治理。土建、设备投资约４０万元，处理每吨废水运行费为６．１９元；甲苯类物质去除率达９５％以上，２，６－二硝基甲酚去除率近９０％，其他酚类物质基本去除；萃取剂经反萃取可循环使用。     

Heavy-metal ion complexation by particulate matter in the leachate of solid waste: a multi-method approach

The metal ion binding characteristics of particulate matter obtained from column experiments on the anaerobic digestion of solid waste were studied using a titrimetric approach. The experimental set-up allowed us to study the dynamics of particle bound ligand concentrations during digestion processes typically found in landfills.We developed a continuous titration method by simultaneously using a Cd-sensitive and pH electrode and combining metal and acid/base titrations. This technique allows for a more precise determination of pK_a-log K_M pairs for each ligand than metal titrations alone. The results were compared with titration methods using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) with longer equilibration times in order to further characterize ligand properties such as reaction kinetics, the electrochemical lability of the respective complex during DPASV, the distinction between metal adsorption to particulate matter and metal complexation by soluble ligands adhered to particles, reversibility of the binding process by competition studies, and resistance against purging with nitrogen gas.The properties of seven major metal binding ligands were identified and assignments to the most likely functional groups were made. The most important ligand properties are for ligand A: pK_a ≈ 9.2, log K_cd ≈ 7.0 fast reaction kinetics (mercapto groups); ligand B: pK_a = 4.8, log K_Cd ≈ 6.0, slow reaction kinetics (chelates with 3 or 4 carboxylic groups); ligand C: pK_a ≈ 6.0, log K_Cd ≈ 13.0, irreversible metal binding at basic pH-values (uptake inside bacterial cells); ligand D: pK_a = 7.7, log K_Cd = 4.0, runs parallel to N content of particulate matter with digestion time (primary amines neighboring oxo groups); ligand E: pK_a ≈ 12.0, log K_Cd = 9.0, runs parallel to P content of particulate matter (phosphate); ligand F:pK_a > 9.0, log K_{Cdf = pKa + 0.4}, runs parallel to N content of particulate matter (primary amines neighboring SH groups); and ligand G: pK_a ≤ 4.8, log K_Pb ≈ 4.3, strong Pb²⁺ ligand, even at low pH-values.Metal ions were found to be irreversibly bound by ligand C at low heavy-metal concentratins, whereas at higher concentrations the binding is reversible and can be predicted using the mass of the digestion process (methanogenic phase). All other ligands have their concentration maximum in the transition phase between acetogenic and methanogenic phase.     

Ferron逐时络合比色法研究聚硅硫酸铁中铁的形态

通过实验制备了一种新型无机高分子絮凝剂聚硅硫酸铁（PFSS），用Ferron逐时络合比色法测定了PFSS中铁的形态，考察了熟化时间、Fe3+／SiO2摩尔比对铁的形态分布及转化规律的影响。不同Fe3+／SiO2摩尔比的PFSS中Fe（a）的量最多、占50％以上，Fe（c）在35％～50％之间，Fe（b）在0～5％之间。研究表明：铁的形态分布及其转化规律与溶液的高酸度及聚硅酸的存在有关。