首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   1488篇
  免费   187篇
  国内免费   774篇
安全科学   65篇
废物处理   29篇
环保管理   100篇
综合类   1420篇
基础理论   360篇
环境理论   1篇
污染及防治   132篇
评价与监测   168篇
社会与环境   143篇
灾害及防治   31篇
  2024年   16篇
  2023年   53篇
  2022年   107篇
  2021年   108篇
  2020年   91篇
  2019年   104篇
  2018年   103篇
  2017年   119篇
  2016年   123篇
  2015年   122篇
  2014年   118篇
  2013年   160篇
  2012年   154篇
  2011年   117篇
  2010年   97篇
  2009年   79篇
  2008年   93篇
  2007年   98篇
  2006年   94篇
  2005年   88篇
  2004年   76篇
  2003年   41篇
  2002年   41篇
  2001年   30篇
  2000年   55篇
  1999年   29篇
  1998年   25篇
  1997年   18篇
  1996年   24篇
  1995年   12篇
  1994年   16篇
  1993年   15篇
  1992年   3篇
  1991年   5篇
  1990年   4篇
  1989年   1篇
  1985年   1篇
  1984年   1篇
  1980年   3篇
  1979年   1篇
  1978年   1篇
  1977年   1篇
  1976年   1篇
  1972年   1篇
排序方式: 共有2449条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
A statistical analysis of interannual variation in a set of vegetative and generative characters over 13 years has been performed to characterize the growth and seed production dynamics of the Siberian stone pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour) in the southeast of the forest zone in western Siberia. The results have shown that the range of fluctuations in most of vegetative characters is ordinary and their distribution is close to normal. The range of fluctuations in many generative characters is enormous (from 0 to +∞), and the distribution of their values is usually skewed, with low values being recorded several times more frequently than high values. Most variable are the proportion of abortive cones and other characters that are determined mainly in the spring of the pollination year. These characters account for a very high level of variation in the total seed production.  相似文献   
2.
Collections made in the course of long-term field studies on ecology of the northern mole vole Ellobius talpinus Pall. in the Ural Region and neighboring areas (more than 2000 individuals from 24 points of the species range) were used to analyze geographic variation in its coat color (color morphs). On the basis of long-term observations (1985–1999) on marked animals from a polymorphic population (Kurtamyshskii raion, Kurgan oblast), the life spans of males and females and the dependence of life span on population density and structure were estimated in animals of different color morphs. Each color morph of E. talpinus was shown to have specific features of the seasonal dynamics of age structure and migrations.  相似文献   
3.
Aspects of the trophic attributes of the mudskipper,Periophthalmus barbarus occurring in the mangrove swamps of ImoRiver estuary, Nigeria, were investigated during a 12-month period(April, 1992-March, 1993). Feeding intensity increased with size;it was higher in the dry season (November-April) than in the wetseason (May-October); monthly changes in the indices of feedingintensity were significantly correlated. Major food objectscomprised detritus and benthic algae; crustaceans, insects,macrophyte matter and sand grains were minor food objects whilefish, molluscs, Chilopoda, nematodes and fungi were unconsciouslydevoured objects. Diet varied seasonally; algae and sesarmid crabswere generally more in the dry season than during the rains whereasFPOM and fish increased in the wet over dry season. The mudskipperdisplay a high degree of euryphagy and can be considered as ageneralist and an omnivore. The lower trophic status of P. barbarusqualifies it as a good aquaculture candidate. Food richness washigher in big-sized class (BSC) than small-sized class (SSC).Size-based and seasonal variations were not apparent in foodrichness. Diet breadth was higher in the BSC than the SSC; therewas dry season increase in diet breadth.  相似文献   
4.
The typical parameters of acid precipitation are evaluated in the forest of Vallombrosa (Tuscan Appennines) during the dry period 1988-89. Individual rain events (dry and wet deposition) were sampled in a clearing of the forest and below the canopy of an evergreen tree as well as a deciduous broadleaf tree.

In atmospheric precipitation the pH values usually vary around 4.4, with neutralization in the hot season due to calcareous material from distant sources. Relatively large concentrations of Pb and Cd are found in rain, but only in a small amount in canopy leachate. Aluminium, manganese and iron are more significantly washed off than Pb and Cd.  相似文献   
5.
Summary The leaf gland volatile oils of ten sweet gale plants from a Scottish population were extracted in early summer. The results differed notably from reports of other populations in respect of the sesquiterpenes, -elemenone and germacrone, which were major components of the volatile oil. Three dihydrochalcones were also detected in the volatile oil. Variation within the population existed, particularly with respect to the relative importance of germacrone. Five plants were resampled in late summer and exhibited a marked reduction in -elemenone, a lesser reduction in germacrone and changes in the proportions of some monoterpenes.  相似文献   
6.
利用南京与北京地区2014年5月1日—2019年10月31日的PM2.5监测数据、气溶胶光学厚度观测资料以及同期MICAPS地面气象要素的观测资料,对两地PM2.5浓度的变化规律及其与气溶胶光学厚度、气象要素的关系进行了分析和讨论,结果表明:南京与北京均呈现PM2.5浓度冬季显著高于夏季,AOD冬季小于夏季的特征;对比而言,北京PM2.5月均浓度高于南京地区;南京与北京的PM2.5浓度与AOD均为正相关关系,PM2.5浓度与AOD间相关性存在显著的季节差异,主要表现为夏季相关性大于冬季相关性;两地AOD与PM2.5浓度均为正相关关系,在同一AOD水平下,相对湿度越大,PM2.5浓度越大,气溶胶吸湿增长易造成污染物积累;南京PM2.5浓度与能见度的r为0.57,而北京的r为0.83,两地的PM2.5浓度与能见度的冬季相关性较夏季好,在高相对湿度下,同一PM2.5浓度水平时,南京能见度较北京好.  相似文献   
7.
利用吸湿增长光散射测量系统、黑碳仪和气相色谱质谱联用仪等仪器,于2019年7月15日~8月4日在北京地区开展了为期21d的大气气溶胶观测实验.观测期间北京市区于7月27日出现短暂的轻度污染,并在7月29日出现强降水天气.结果显示:北京市区夏季大气污染变化剧烈且短暂,大气气溶胶散射吸湿增长因子f(RH)呈现平滑连续的特点,并且降水会对f(RH)造成显著影响.7月27日PM2.5的平均质量浓度为(92.54±47.05)μg/m3;,表现出较为剧烈的污染变化.7月28~30日平均散射吸湿增长因子f(80%±1%)分别为(1.50±0.35),(1.43±0.36)和(1.48±0.25),反映了降水对于大气气溶胶的湿清除作用.最后利用实验数据估算粒径吸湿增长因子gf(RH),并建模研究f(RH)和gf(RH)的关系,模型精度R2最高可达0.698.  相似文献   
8.
保定市大气污染特征和潜在输送源分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
保定市是京津冀地区重要城市之一.为了解保定市大气污染物质量浓度特征和潜在输送源,对保定市国控点2017年1月1日-12月31日PM10、PM2.5、SO2、NO2、O3、CO等常规大气污染物数据进行分析,并利用TrajStat后向轨迹模型进行区域传输研究.结果表明:①ρ(PM10)、ρ(PM2.5)、ρ(SO2)、ρ(NO2)分别为(138±96)(84±66)(29±23)和(50±24)μg/m3,与2016年相比分别下降5.9%、9.1%、25.5%和13.1%;ρ(CO)较2016年下降了14.0%;ρ(O3)较2016年增长了25.2%.ρ(PM10)、ρ(PM2.5)、ρ(NO2)和ρ(O3)分别超过GB 3095-2012《环境空气质量标准》二级标准限值的0.97、1.40、0.25和0.34倍,ρ(SO2)和ρ(CO)未超标.②除ρ(O3)外,其他污染物质量浓度均呈冬季最高、夏季最低的季节性特征,其中,冬季PM2.5污染最为严重,春季PM2.5~10(粗颗粒物)污染严重.③空气质量模型源解析结果显示,保定市ρ(PM2.5)约60.0%~70.0%来自本地污染源排放.后向轨迹结果表明,在外来区域传输影响中,保定市主要受到西北方向气团(占比为21.7%~60.0%)远距离传输和正南方向气团(占比为34.8%~50.5%)近距离传输的影响.④PSCF(潜在源贡献因子分析法)和CWT(浓度权重轨迹分析法)分析表明,除保定市及周边区县本地污染贡献外,位于太行山东麓沿线西南传输通道的邯郸市、邢台市、石家庄市是影响保定市PM2.5的主要潜在源区.研究显示,PM2.5为保定市大气中的主要污染物,并呈冬季高、夏季低的变化特征,其主要来自西北远距离输送和南部近距离传输.   相似文献   
9.
In order to study the concentrations of major components,characteristics and comparison in hazy and non-hazy days of PM_(10) in Beijing,aerosol samples were collected at urban site in Beijing from December 29,2014 to January 22,2015.Heavy metals like Zn,Pb,Mn,Cu,As,V,Cr and Cd were deeply studied considering their toxic effects on human being;nine water-soluble inorganic ions(SO_4~(2-),NO_3~-,NH_4~+,Na~+,K~+,Cl~-,Ca~(2+) and Mg~(2+)) and carbon fractions(OC and EC) were also analyzed.The concentrations of heavy metals were 1.03–1.98 times higher in hazy days than those in non-hazy days,mainly due to biomass burning and coal burning.The trends in total heavy metals concentrations were basically consistent with the trends in PM concentrations except for two obvious periods(12.29–12.30;1.14–1.15);but when air masses accumulated locally or around Beijing,trends in PM concentrations and heavy metals were opposite.The proportion for NO_3~-/SO_4~(2-) indicated that mobile sources such as automobiles were important reasons for haze in Beijing.Correlation between OC and EC during non-hazy days was strong(R~2= 0.95) but it was low(R~2= 0.67) during hazy days,and large variations for OC/EC values occurred in hazy days.The calculated mass concentration of SOC is 2.58 μg/m~3,which only accounted for 10.1% of the OC concentration.When air masses from the far north-west,they decreased PM concentration in Beijing and they were relatively clean;however,those from the near east,south-east and south of the mainland increased PM concentration and they were dirty.  相似文献   
10.
长江生物多样性在人为影响下面临严重威胁,物种监测是生物多样性保护的基础,为完善长江水生态监测体系,实现高效无损伤的物种监测,在长江中下游干流3个江段(新滩、安庆和芜湖)采集水样,建立长江水样环境DNA宏条形码物种检测体系并评估其有效性.结果表明:①长江中下游环境DNA宏条形码检测到32个物种,包括20种鱼类、1种水生哺乳动物(长江江豚)和11种陆生动物,其中鱼类物种包括鲤形目、鲇形目、鲈形目和鲱形目,其种数占鱼类总种数的比例分别为60%、25%、10%和5%.②长江中下游渔获物中资源量居首位的鲤形目在环境DNA调查中序列数最多,占鱼类总序列的96.2%,其次为鲱形目(占比为3.5%),鲇形目和鲈形目占比较低,分别为0.2%和0.1%,4个类目序列相对丰度与渔获物种资源量组成差异较大.③环境DNA调查次数约占传统渔获物调查次数的几十至几百分之一,采样时间不足努力量最少的渔获物调查的1%,检测到的鱼类种数为传统调查总数的31%~49%.④安庆采样点位于长江中下游长江江豚密度最高的江段,其环境DNA检出率和序列相对丰度在3个采样点中均最高.研究显示:长江水样环境DNA包含水陆复合生态系统的生物多样性信息,利用水样环境DNA宏条形码可检测不同类群的水生和陆生物种;对于鱼类物种检测,环境DNA宏条形码比传统调查方法效率更高,可对传统调查结果进行补充;环境DNA宏条形码生物多样性检测主要受分子标记体系和核酸序列数据库限制,获取全面的物种多样性和资源量信息需要对检测分析方法进行进一步完善.   相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号