Distribution characteristics of phosphorus forms in the sand-dust and the desert particles in Inner Mongolia and its environmental significance

根据我国中路沙尘暴的影响范围和移动路径,应用颗粒物中磷的连续浸提技术,选择研究了8个站位的颗粒物样品中磷的赋存形态和分布特征.研究结果表明,各粒级样品中无机磷（IP）含量范围在300.16—1916.99μg.g-1,占总磷（TP）比率86.11%—99.84%,TP含量主要受IP控制,有机磷（POrg）含量远低于IP,彼此之间表现为负相关关系;沙尘粒子Y1—Y4（呼和浩特,2005年—2010年沙尘暴期间收集）的TP、IP、生物可交换磷（BP）和可交换态磷（Pex）含量远高于沙尘暴源地及沿途地区地表颗粒物,这与沙尘暴源地及影响区域磷污染状况及地质环境条件关系密切;粒径小于57μm的颗粒物样品的TP、IP、PCa含量均高于自然粒径颗粒物样品.     

内蒙古西部入黄河沙漠颗粒物磷形态研究

用改进的Ruttenberg分析方法对不同粒径黄河上游主要入河沙漠颗粒物磷的形态分布特征进行了研究.乌兰布和沙漠和库布齐沙漠颗粒物中磷以自生钙磷为主,其次是碎屑磷.黑风口沙样中总磷含量较高,磷也以自生钙磷为主,其次是有机磷.计算了沙漠颗粒物中生物可利用磷的含量.乌兰布和沙漠每年向黄河输送约1.1万吨总磷,其中可交换磷为492t.库布齐沙漠每年向黄河输送约9200t总磷,其中可交换磷约为688L     

中国沙区周边山地降水资源及其对绿洲的贡献

我国从东北到西北长约4500km的大部分沙区为山地所环绕,山地阻挡了水汽的输入,大部分降水在山地迎风坡降落,而沙漠中年降水量只有200～300mm,西北沙漠中心地带年降水量只有几十毫米甚至十几毫米。但山地截留的降水又源源不断地输入沙漠而形成片片绿洲。山地成为绿洲主要的水源供给地。水是绿洲的命脉,无水即无农业,而山地可称得上是绿洲的“命根”了。从山地到绿洲之间有一个植被稀少的荒漠地带,成为山地到绿洲之间的缓冲带。从宏观、整体、综合的角度,将山地、沙漠(戈壁)、绿洲看成一个庞大的生态系统,它们是相互依存、相互关联、又相互制约的。必须从宏观的角度,处理好它们之间的关系,才能使这个庞大的生态系统趋向稳定和巩固,走向良性循环,使绿洲农业得以持续发展。     

Prioritizing Conservation Effort through the Use of Biological Soil Crusts as Ecosystem Function Indicators in an Arid Region

Abstract: Conservation prioritization usually focuses on conservation of rare species or biodiversity, rather than ecological processes. This is partially due to a lack of informative indicators of ecosystem function. Biological soil crusts (BSCs) trap and retain soil and water resources in arid ecosystems and function as major carbon and nitrogen fixers; thus, they may be informative indicators of ecosystem function. We created spatial models of multiple indicators of the diversity and function of BSCs (species richness, evenness, functional diversity, functional redundancy, number of rare species, number of habitat specialists, nitrogen and carbon fixation indices, soil stabilization, and surface roughening) for the 800,000‐ha Grand Staircase‐Escalante National Monument (Utah, U.S.A.). We then combined the indicators into a single BSC function map and a single BSC biodiversity map (2 alternative types of conservation value) with an unweighted averaging procedure and a weighted procedure derived from validations performance. We also modeled potential degradation with data from a rangeland assessment survey. To determine which areas on the landscape were the highest conservation priorities, we overlaid the function‐ and diversity‐based conservation‐value layers on the potential degradation layer. Different methods for ascribing conservation‐value and conservation‐priority layers all yielded strikingly similar results (r= 0.89–0.99), which suggests that in this case biodiversity and function can be conserved simultaneously. We believe BSCs can be used as indicators of ecosystem function in concert with other indicators (such as plant‐community properties) and that such information can be used to prioritize conservation effort in drylands.     

沙尘气溶胶的跨亚欧大陆传输对东亚地区大气环境的影响

基于全球大气环流模式CAM3.1对2002—2003年模拟的全球沙尘气溶胶分布及其变化的评估,通过去除东亚沙漠(局地源)的敏感性模拟试验来分析北非、阿拉伯和中亚地区沙漠区(外部源)的沙尘气溶胶跨亚欧大陆传输对东亚地区大气沙尘气溶胶的贡献.结果表明,受到大气沙尘气溶胶的跨亚欧大陆传输的影响,东亚以外沙尘源对青藏高原大气贡献率最大,对我国北方干旱半干旱地区大气贡献率最小,对中国南方地区和日韩及邻近的西北太平洋地区大气贡献率基本相当.东亚地区秋(冬)季大气受到东亚以外沙尘源的影响最弱(强).我国北方干旱半干旱地区近地层大气沙尘气溶胶的外源贡献率秋季最小(约5%),冬季最大(约30%).青藏高原冬季60%~80%的近地面大气沙尘气溶胶来自东亚以外的沙漠区,而在秋季则只有约20%~60%.外源对东亚大气沙尘气溶胶柱浓度和对近地面大气沙尘气溶胶的影响具有基本一致的季节特征,但对柱浓度的贡献率一般偏大10%~40%.沙尘气溶胶跨亚欧大陆传输对东亚地区的影响主要集中在2~6 km的自由对流层.随对流层高度的增加东亚各地区外源贡献率均增加.青藏高原地区以年平均对流层沙尘气溶胶外源贡献率62%~81%成为东亚地区最大的影响区域.