Effect of Tinospora cordifolia on the reduction of ultraviolet radiation‐induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage in PC12 cells

The safety of Tinospora cordifolia and its potential to protect against ultraviolet radiation‐induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage in PC12 cells were investigated. To evaluate the safety of T. cordifolia, cell viability and agarose gel electrophoresis were carried out using PC12 cells treated with 0 to 100 μg mL^?1 of methanol extract of T. cordifolia. T. cordifolia extracts did not show cytotoxicity ranging 0 to 100 μg mL^?1. In addition, T. cordifolia extracts significantly increased cell viability at 1 ng, 10 ng and 1 μg mL^?1 concentrations in serum‐deprived medium compared to control. To confirm the protective role against UV‐induced damage, PC12 cells alone or in the presence of 10 ng, 100 ng, or 1 μg mL^?1 of T. cordifolia extract were exposed to 250, 270 and 290 nm of UV radiation, which corresponded to doses of 120, 150 and 300 mJ cm^?2, respectively. Treatment with T. cordifolia extracts significantly increased the cell survival rate irradiated at 290 nm. In addition, T. cordifolia extracts significantly reduced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer formation induced by UV irradiation at all wavelengths. In conclusion, T. cordifolia is not toxic and safe for cells. Our findings can support its application as phototherapy in the medical sector.     

Photoreduction of parathion ethyl †

Photodegradation of parathion ethyl in presence of unsaturated biomolecules takes place by sufficient reduction of the phenyl nitro group. Main products are N,0‐dialkenyl hydroxylamino, cis/trans azo, and azoxy derivatives of parathion.     

水合铝离子单体和二聚体的DFT研究

用DFT方法在B3LYP/6-31G·水平下,对水合铝离子的单体和二聚体形态进行计算.在单体[Al(H2O)6]3 ,[Al(OH)(H2O)5]2 ,[Al(OH)2(H2O)4] 和二聚体[Al2(OH)2(H2O)8]4 ,[Al2(OH)3(H2O)7]3 ,[Al2(OH)4(H2O)6]2 ,[Al2(OH)5(H2O)5] 及其异构体中, Al和羟基O之间的键长明显小于Al和H2O中O之间的键长.将H2O代以羟基后,六配位的Al-O八面体骨架发生了较大的畸变.在[Al2(OH)4(H2O)6]2 形态的不同几何异构体中,当2个羟基相互邻近时稳定性较低.羟铝比(OH/Al)增大将有更多的电子流向Al(Ⅲ),同时,单体和二聚体中H2O的氢原子所带正电荷均有所减小.二聚体的羟桥氢原子所带正电荷随OH/Al比的增大而减小.各形态的键强度呈现:Al-O(H2O)＜Al-O(OH)-Al＜Al-O(OH),即Al-Ow＜Al-Ob-h＜Al-Oh.对单体形态,随OH/Al比增大, Al-Ow和Al-Oh键强度均逐渐减小.二聚体形态OH/Al比增大, Al-Ow键强度减小,但Al-Ob-h键强度基本不变, Al-Oh则呈不规则变化.无论是单体还是二聚体,OH/Al比较大形态的HOMO能级与OH/Al比较小形态的LUMO能级相近或前者稍高,前者很容易向后者提供电子.聚合过程主要是在不同形态组分之间进行.