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1.
Francisco M. Baena-Moreno Mónica Rodríguez-Galán Fernando Vega Luis F. Vilches Benito Navarrete 《International Journal of Green Energy》2019,16(5):401-412
Biomethane production through biogas upgrading is a promising renewable energy for some industries which could be part of the equilibrium needed with fossil fuels consumption to achieve a sustainable society. This paper presents a comprehensive list of biogas upgrading technologies focused on carbon dioxide removal as well as recent advances reported by researcher with wide expertise in this topic. Additionally, an extensive costs–performance comparison among the technologies studied is discussed. Among the different alternatives, chemical scrubbing stood out to achieve high biomethane purities while cryogenic technologies proved to be effective against methane losses. Regarding the different costs, water scrubbing and membrane separation seem to be the most affordable techniques. 相似文献
2.
Solid phase reactions of Cr(Ⅵ) with Fe(0) were investigated with spherical-aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy(Cs-STEM) integrated with X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy(XEDS). Near-atomic resolution elemental mappings of Cr(Ⅵ)–Fe(0) reactions were acquired. Experimental results show that rate and extent of Cr(Ⅵ) encapsulation are strongly dependent on the initial concentration of Cr(Ⅵ) in solution. Low Cr loading in nZⅥ(1.0 wt%) promotes the electrochemical oxidation and continuous corrosion of n ZⅥ while high Cr loading(1.0 wt%) can quickly shut down the Cr uptake. With the progress of iron oxidation and dissolution, elements of Cr and O counter-diffuse into the nanoparticles and accumulate in the core region at low levels of Cr(Ⅵ)(e.g., 10 mg/L). Whereas the reacted n ZⅥ is quickly coated with a newly-formed layer of 2–4 nm in the presence of concentrated Cr(Ⅵ)(e.g., 100 mg/L). The passivation structure is stable over a wide range of pH unless pH is low enough to dissolve the passivation layer. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) depth profiling reconfirms that the composition of the newly-formed surface layer consists of Fe(Ⅲ)–Cr(Ⅲ)(oxy)hydroxides with Cr(Ⅵ) adsorbed on the outside surface. The insoluble and insulating Fe(Ⅲ)–Cr(Ⅲ)(oxy)hydroxide layer can completely cover the n ZⅥ surface above the critical Cr loading and shield the electron transfer. Thus, the fast passivation of nZⅥ in high Cr(Ⅵ) solution is detrimental to the performance of nZⅥ for Cr(Ⅵ) treatment and remediation. 相似文献
3.
IntroductionPolyaluminiumchloride(PAC) ,akindofinorganicpolymerflocculant,iswidelyusedinwaterandwastewatertreatment.InordertoincreasethecoagulationeffectofPACandimprovethequalityofPACproduct,itisnecessarytoraisethedegreeofpolymerizationofPAC .Generally ,t… 相似文献
4.
不同生长期的Pseudomonas putida 5-x细胞对工业废水中Cu~(2+)的吸附 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
研究了不同生长阶段的Cu2 + 吸附细菌Pseudomonasputida 5 x对Cu2 + 的吸附容量 .结果表明在低硫培养基中 ,当P putida 5 x细胞生长刚进入对数生长期时 ,单位细胞对Cu2 + 的吸附溶量最低 .而当生长进入稳定生长期的后期或死亡期的早期时 ,单位细胞对Cu2 + 的吸附量最大 .实验结果还表明 ,高浓度的Cu2 + 对对数期细胞的吸附能力有一定的抑制 ,而对死亡期的细胞影响较小 .早期研究已证明细胞对重金属离子的吸附和细胞表面某些对重金属离子具有亲和性的功能基团 (如某些膜蛋白及羰基化合物 )有关 .利用透视电子显微镜观察了不同生长阶段的细胞表面结构及对铜离子的吸附效果 ,发现生长后期细胞表面吸附有较多的Cu2 + ,这表明生长后期的细胞表面可能含有较多的这类功能基团 相似文献
5.
Torvanger Asbjørn Rypdal Kristin Kallbekken Steffen 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2005,10(4):693-715
Carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and storage is increasingly being considered as an important climate change mitigation option. This paper explores
provisions for including geological CO2 storage in climate policy. The storage capacity of Norway's Continental Shelf is alone sufficient to store a large share
of European CO2 emissions for many decades. If CO2 is injected into oil reservoirs there is an additional benefit in terms of enhanced oil recovery. However, there are significant
technical and economic challenges, including the large investment in infrastructure required, with related economies of scale
properties. Thus CO2 capture, transportation and storage projects are likely to be more economically attractive if developed on a large scale,
which could mean involving two or more nations. An additional challenge is the risk of future leakages from storage sites,
where the government must take on a major responsibility. In institutional and policy terms, important challenges are the
unsettled status of geological CO2 storage as a policy measure in the Kyoto Protocol, lack of relevant reporting and verification procedures, and lack of decisions
on how the option should be linked to the flexibility mechanisms under the Kyoto Protocol. In terms of competitiveness with
expected prices for CO2 permits under Kyoto Protocol trading, the relatively high costs per tonne of CO2 stored means that geological CO2 storage is primarily of interest where enhanced oil recovery is possible. These shortcomings and uncertainties mean that
companies and governments today only have weak incentives to venture into geological CO2 storage. 相似文献
6.
The long time scale of the climate change problem and the inherent nature of the carbon cycle bring important implications for present technology development efforts. Even if major technology improvements are achieved for non-carbon-emitting technologies such as energy-intensity improvements, wind, solar, biomass, and nuclear over the course of the 21st century, most examinations of potential future greenhouse emissions conclude that additional technology development will be required to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations. The evelopment of an expanded suite of technologies including carbon capture and disposal, hydrogen systems and biotechnology hold the potential to dramatically reduce the cost of stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations. This paper examines these technologies in the context of a global integrated assessment model of energy, agriculture, land-use, economics, and carbon cycle processes. 相似文献
7.
《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,35(3):309-318
Accurate quantification of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) has been a challenge due to the cumulative analytical errors in the conventional method via subtracting dissolved inorganic nitrogen species (DIN) from total dissolved nitrogen (TDN). Size exclusion chromatography coupled with an organic nitrogen detector (SEC-OND) has been developed as a direct method for quantification and characterization of DON. However, the applications of SEC-OND method still subject to poor separations between DON and DIN species and unsatisfied N recoveries of macromolecules. In this study, we packed a series of SEC columns with different lengths and resin materials for separation of different N species and designed an independent vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) oxidation device for complete oxidation converting N species to nitrate. To guarantee sufficient N recoveries, the operation conditions were optimized as oxidation time ≥ 30 min, injection mass (sample concentration × injection volume) < 1000 µL × mg-N/L for macromolecular proteins, and neutral pH mobile eluent. The dissolved O2 concentration in SEC mobile phase determined the upper limit of VUV oxidation at a specific oxidation time. Compared to conventional HW50S column (20 × 250 mm), HW40S column (20 × 350 mm) with mobile phase comprising of 1.5 g/L Na2HPO4·2H2O + 2.5 g/L KH2PO4 (pH = 6.85) could achieve a better separation of DON, nitrite, nitrate, and ammonia. When applied to river water, lake water, wastewater effluent, groundwater, and landfill leachate, the SEC-OND method could quantify DON as well as DIN species accurately and conveniently even the DIN/TDN ratio reached 0.98. 相似文献
8.
采用活性炭管吸附大气中基苯乙烯,以二硫化碳洗脱,以溴水加成后,用气相色谱电子捕获器测定苯乙烯的二溴加成物。本方法适合于检测多种污染物共存的大气中痕量苯乙烯。其线性范围为0.015-0.74ng,最低检出浓度为0.001mg/m^3;重现性实验的变异系数为2.3%:当活性炭管吸附苯乙烯在2.9μg时,回收率为90%,吸附苯乙烯0.29μg时,回收率为72%。 相似文献
9.
饮用水中五种有机磷农药的快速检测法 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
本文介绍了使用Waters OASIS-HLB固相萃取小柱从水中分离富集敌百虫、敌敌畏、乐果、甲基对硫磷,对硫磷五种有机磷农药的快速检测法。 相似文献
10.
Direct hydride derivatization of methyl- and ethylmercury chlorides in aqueous solution with KBH4 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
A convenient hydride derivatization procedure of methyl-and ethylmercury chlorides to volatile hydrides was reported. In sealed vials methylmercury and ethylmercury compounds in acidic aqueous solutions were converted into their volatile forms by the reaction with potassium tetrahydroborate(KBH4) and elvolved to the headspace of the vials. The gaseous analytes in the headspace were extracted and concentrated by solid phase microextraction(SPME) and injected into gas chromatography (GC) for separation and identified by mass selective detector(MS). 相似文献