基于先导发展法的绝缘子串伏秒特性研究

目前绝缘子串伏秒特性主要通过冲击放电试验获取,成本较高,且现有研究伏秒特性的模拟计算方法只考虑了标准雷电波的情况。针对上述问题,结合空气间隙的放电研究,基于先导发展法建立了考虑绝缘施加电压波形的伏秒特性计算方法,利用该方法计算了25片XP-160绝缘子在标准雷电波下的伏秒特性,并与实测及IEEE推荐雷电波下绝缘子的伏秒特性进行比较。结果表明本文提出的计算方法可以更加准确地模拟绝缘子的实际放电行为,可以作为模拟绝缘子串伏秒特性的1种新的计算方法。     

三维叠前时间偏移技术在江苏WZD地区的应用

当地下地质构造复杂、断裂发育,横向速度变化不是太剧烈的情况下,提高偏移成像精度,三维叠前时间偏移是一种行之有效的方法。三维叠前时间偏移取得成功的关键:一是高保真、高信噪比的叠前数据;二是建立一个合理的三维偏移速度场。随着计算机性能的不断提高,三维叠前时间偏移逐渐成为常规处理技术,该技术在江苏油田WZD地区得到了广泛的应用,实际资料处理结果及钻探效果证实了三维叠前时间偏移技术是解决WZD地区复杂构造成像精度的一种好方法。     

Are national biodiversity strategies and action plans appropriate for building responsibilities for mainstreaming biodiversity across policy sectors? The case of Finland

The Convention on Biological Diversity's national biodiversity strategies and action plans (NBSAPs) are major mechanisms for mainstreaming biodiversity into national policies. This article examines whether and how the NBSAPs contribute to mainstreaming biodiversity across policy sectors in Finland in order to halt biodiversity loss. We have developed an innovative analytical framework where the concept of responsibility addresses how motivations for mainstreaming can be built, and the concept of social learning outcomes addresses the extent of institutional changes for biodiversity. The Finnish NBSAP processes have been able to build diverse forms of responsibility (liability, accountability, responsiveness and care) in different policy sectors by providing new knowledge, careful process design and developing institutional linkages. Despite pro-biodiversity outcomes in the targeted policy sectors, the responsibilities do not diffuse from the environmental administration to other policy sectors to a sufficient extent. Closing this ‘responsibility gap’ is a key challenge for building effective environmental policies.     

一种应用于双单元MIMO天线的电磁带隙结构设计与仿真

设计了一种应用于工作频率为2.6GHz的双单元多输入多输出（MIMO）天线的新型电磁带隙结构（EBG）。本文基于传统的蘑菇状结构,将贴片改进为螺旋状,调整偏移了过孔圆柱位置,并采用了电磁带隙结构单元的整体倒“T”形状布局。过孔的位置以及结构单元的间隔基于HFSS电磁仿真软件进行了优化,使新的结构在对天线系统传输特性影响很低的情况下更好的减小两个天线单元之间的耦合干扰。     

浮顶储罐导电片间隙放电危险性研究

储罐在实际运行中,受浮盘的上下移动、机械应力、老化、油污、金属腐蚀等因素的影响,很难确保导电片与罐壁紧密贴合,容易形成微小间隙,在这种情况下遭受雷击易产生间隙放电,出现打火现象.为了分析导电片与储罐罐壁导电片产生间隙放电的危险性,根据Townsend气体放电理论计算了导电片和储罐罐壁间的击穿电压,采用1.2/50μs冲击电压波开展了导电片间隙放电实验,分析了导电片击穿电压与空气间隙距离的关系.结果证明:当导电片和罐壁贴合不良时,导电片和罐壁之间极易产生火花放电;当空气间隙d=0.1cm时,平均空气击穿电压仅为5280V;随着间隙的增大,空气击穿电压也随之增大;导电片间隙放电实验数据与Townsend气体放电理论值吻合.最后,根据以上结论,针对浮顶储罐导电片间隙放电的危险性,提出了改进措施.     

Effects of significant damage of flame gap surfaces in flameproof electrical apparatus on flame gap efficiency

Electrical apparatus for use in the presence of explosive gas atmospheres has to be specially designed to prevent the apparatus from igniting the gas. Flameproof design is one of several options, and one requirement is then that any holes and slits in the enclosure wall be designed to prevent a possible gas explosion inside the enclosure from being transmitted to an explosive gas cloud outside it. Current standards (IEC) require that joint surfaces have a surface roughness of <6.3 μm. Any damaged joint surface has be restored to this quality. The present investigation has demonstrated that flame gap surfaces in flameproof electrical apparatuses can suffer considerable mechanical and corrosive damage before the flame gaps no longer function satisfactorily. In some cases very significant mechanical surface damage in fact improves the gap performance. This indicates that current high costs of repairing and replacing flameproof electrical apparatus in process plants offshore and onshore can be reduced considerably without any increase of the explosion risk.     

地区差距衡量指标体系及定量化测算方法

区域差距是指经济、社会以及影响经济和社会发展的各方面要素差距组成的“集合体”，即区域间社会经济综合实力水平的差距。基于对区域差距的这一理解，在定性分析的基础上运用现代定量分析方法对其进行研究。提出了一套以定量为主，定性与定量相结合的区域差距衡量指标体系及定量化测算方法，并运用这一方法对山东省西部区域之间各方面的差距进行了定量计算和全方位的分析比较。