外源甜菜碱对苋菜抗盐性与累积重金属特性的影响

用不同盐分(0.2%、0.4%)、重金属污染土壤进行盆栽实验,研究叶面喷施不同浓度甜菜碱(GB,1、10、50 mmol·L-1)对苋菜抗盐性与重金属累积的影响.结果表明,0.4%重度盐分胁迫下,喷施50 mmol·L-1甜菜碱可大幅提高苋菜茎叶部游离脯氨酸和总游离氨基酸含量;盐分胁迫抑制了苋菜根系对Ca、Mg、K、Fe的吸收,而叶面喷施甜菜碱可显著增强对Ca、Mg、K、Fe的吸收,K/Na、Ca/Na比值随着甜菜碱剂量的增加而逐渐增大.在0.4%盐分下,喷施50 mmol·L-1甜菜碱促使根系K/Na、Ca/Na比值分别增加了40.4%、34.1%,说明盐分越高,外源甜菜碱对苋菜抗盐性更明显.盐分胁迫下,外源甜菜碱明显提高了苋菜根系重金属Cd、Cr、Pb、Cu、Zn的含量.在0.4%盐分与喷施50 mmol·L-1甜菜碱条件下,苋菜根系对各重金属的累积增幅分别为22.1%、127.1%、63.4%、61.1%、56.1%.由根系重金属与盐分离子的相关性分析可知,0.4%盐分处理后,Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn与盐分离子、重金属的吸收变化呈显著正相关(p0.01);而在0.2%盐分处理下,只有Na与Ca、Cd与Cr、Cu与Zn的吸收变化呈显著正相关(p0.01).说明盐分含量较高,外源甜菜碱对苋菜抗盐胁迫效果越明显,对必需元素及其伴随吸收的非必需重金属元素吸收增加也越明显.     

Biotic and abiotic stress effects on nitrogen chemistry in the salt marsh cordgrassSpartina alterniflora (Poaceae)

Summary Planthopper (Insecta: Homoptera) feeding stress induces a senesence-like response in the leaves ofSpartina alterniflora characterized by decreased soluble protein, an increased total amino acid pool, and elevated levels of 10 individual amino acids. Increased proline and tryptophan in response to planthopper feeding could not be fully explained by protein degradation. Low degrees of soil salinity stress resulted in an increased total free amino acid pool and elevated levels of 7 amino acids. Anaerobic soil stress resulted in decreased glutamic acid and increased asparagine. Low salinity and anaerobic stress had no effect on soluble protein levels. Glycinebetaine was not affected by the stresses examined in this study.