4种典型溴代阻燃剂对离体条件下罗非鱼肝脏抗氧化系统影响的研究

以罗非鱼(Mossambica tilapia)为实验生物,研究了离体条件下其肝脏抗氧化系统中谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量、谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性对4种溴代阻燃剂(Brominated flame retardants,BFRs)——四溴联苯醚(BDE-47)、十溴联苯醚(BDE-209)、六溴环十二烷(HBCD)和四溴双酚A(TBBPA)的响应.研究结果表明:离体暴露于4种BFRs 1 h后,罗非鱼肝脏上清液中GSH含量和SOD活性随暴露剂量升高均呈现先升高后回落的趋势,但总体均高于对照组水平;GST活性则被抑制.上述3种抗氧化参数中,同一参数对4种BFRs响应均呈现一致的变化趋势,其中GST和SOD活性响应更为灵敏.GST活性对BDE-47、BDE-209和HBCD的最低响应浓度均低于1 ng·L-1,且与TBBPA和BDE-209在一定浓度范围内存在较好的剂量-效应关系;SOD活性对4种BFRs暴露较为敏感,最低响应浓度均低于10 ng·L-1,并且与除BDE-209外的上述3种污染物在一定的浓度范围内具有良好的剂量-效应关系.因此,GST和SOD活性指标是值得进一步研究的溴代阻燃剂污染候选生物标志物.     

Quantum dots enhance Cu2+-induced hepatic L02 cells toxicity

As a new class of xenogenous nanoparticle,quantum dots (QDs) possess the potential to co-exist with Cu2+ in human liver.The combined toxicity is thus concerned.Considering QDs and Cu2+ are known ROS (reactive oxygen species) inducer,we investigated the combined oxidative stress and corresponding protective strategy using human hepatic L02 cells.The results demonstrated that the presence of a small amount of MPA-CdTe QDs (2 μg/mL) in a Cu2+ solution (2.5-20 μg/mL) resulted in a higher toxicity with up to 8-fold cell viability decrease,which was accompanied by cell morphology changes.The combined toxicity was then confirmed as ROS associated oxidative stress with up to 300% and 35% increase of the intracellular ROS level and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity,respectively.N-acetylcysteine (NAC) can also provide almost complete protection against the induced toxicity.Therefore,the ROS associated oxidant injury might be responsible for the QDs-Cu2+/Cu2+ induced toxicity and could be balanced through cytoprotective antioxidant enzyme GST.     

Electron microscopy documenting the cellular metabolic fate of Zn IONS∗

In vertebrates and invertebrates Zn exist as complexed compounds with metallothioneins. However, its cellular level effects and metabolic fates are scantly documented. In the elucidation of this fact, EM results on hepatic cellular alterations in fish under lethal dose exposure at 4.0 ppm over a week is illustrated.

A large number of lysosomes in hepatic cells prevailed on exposure to Zn in its sulfate form. Evidently, due to metal compound stress and cellular damage lysosomal activity is augmented. The lysosomes harboured digestible material, presumably the aforementioned substrates. Contrary to it, fat droplets prevailed while glycogen depletion is noticeable. Unlike the effects of Hg, the nuclei were normal with granular chromatin and prominent nucleoli. However, the mitochondria contained some small intramitochondrial bodies. Similar to the effects of Hg, the cell membrane remained intact.

In vivo enzymatic studies indicated augmentation in catalase, acid‐ and alkaline‐phosphatases, while glucose‐6‐phosphatase is inhibited. However, only alkaline‐ and glucose‐6‐phosphatases are inhibited under in vitro conditions.

Thus, it is evident that Zn enhances cellular bioenergetic requirements culminating in glycogen depletion owing to stress, concomitantly envisaging inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport system.     

DNA-Protein Crosslinks Induced by Microcystin-LR in Hepatic Cells of Mice

为探讨微囊藻毒素-LR致小鼠肝细胞的DNA-蛋白质交联作用,将20只昆明雄性小鼠随机分为4组：1个对照组和3个染毒组,采用腹腔注射进行染毒7d,染毒剂量分别为3.0、6.0和12.0μg·kg-1,检测小鼠肝细胞DNA-蛋白质交联程度. 结果显示,3.0、6.0和12.0μg·kg-1微囊藻毒素-LR均可导致小鼠肝细胞显著的DNA-蛋白质交联作用（与对照组相比,p<0.01,p<0.01,p<0.05）,当微囊藻毒素为6.0μg·kg-1时,这种作用最明显.     

树舌灵芝多糖对肝纤维化大鼠的肝功能的影响

观察树舌灵芝多糖对肝纤维化大鼠的肝功能的影响．采用经典的四氯化碳肝纤维化模型,造模同时给予树舌灵芝多糖干预,4周后采血测血清AST、ALB、A／G、HDL,实验中观察大鼠的一般状况．树舌灵芝多糖能显著降低四氯化碳肝纤维化大鼠血清ALIT、Mb、A／G水平．在肝纤维化的病理进程中,采取树舌灵芝多糖进行干预,可改善大鼠肝功能．表3,参5．     

溴氰菊酯对大鼠肝微粒体酶的影响

本实验研究了溴氰菊酯对雄性大鼠肝微粒体苯胺羟化酶活力和细胞色素P-450含量的影响。结果发现溴氰菊酯在动物体内能降低苯胺羟化酶活力(23.80％)和细胞色素P-450含量(21.18％)。该效应与微粒体脂质过氧化反应无关,亦与肝细胞破坏或内质网膜通透性的改变无关。溴氰菊酯本身对肝微粒体酶并不呈现抑制作用,当用肝微粒体酶诱导剂苯巴比妥诱导肝微粒体酶后,溴氰菊酯降低微粒体酶活性的效应消失。这表明溴氰菊酯降低肝微粒体酶的作用可能与其干扰肝微粒体酶蛋白的合成有关。     

栀子中京尼平甙对CCl4急性小鼠肝损伤保护作用的生化机理研究

预先给小鼠灌胃不同剂量的京尼平甙后,以四氯化碳造模,通过测定小鼠血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天氡氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)以及肝脏内GSH的含量并制作组织病理切片,研究了京尼平甙对四氯化碳肝损伤小鼠的保护作用,结果表明,京尼平甙能抑制四氯化碳肝中毒小鼠血清中ALT和AST的活性以及增加肝脏内GSH的含量.然后研究了京尼平甙对正常小鼠肝微粒体内细胞色素P4502E1和细胞色素P4503A活性的影响以及肝脏内谷胱甘肽(GSH)系统的影响,表明京尼平甙对正常小鼠肝微粒体内CYP4502E1具有明显的抑制作用,并能增强肝脏内谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)以及谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶活性.以上3个酶与自由基形成以及清除有关.图1表3参16     

Effects of phenanthrene on hepatic enzymatic activities in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus♂×O. aureus♀)

The effects of phenanthrene (Phe) on hepatosomatic index (HSI) and hepatic enzymatic activities in hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus ♀× O.aureus ♂) were investigated via the static freshwater exposure at dosage of 50,100 or 400 μg/L for 4-14 d.Compared with the control group,HSI was significantly decreased (P<0.05) at 400 μg/L at day 14.Increased enzymatic activities (P<0.05) were observed for catalase (CAT),glutathione peroxidase μgPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) at either 100 or 400 μg/L at day 8 and 14,as well as for CAT at 50 μg/L at day 14,except for GPx at 400 μg/L at day 8.Ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity was significantly increased (P<0.05) at all dosage at day 4 as well as at 50 μg/L at day 8,but significantly decreased at either 100 or 400 μg/L at day 14 (P<0.05).Glutathione-S-transferase μgST) activity was not affected.The results suggest that CAT,GPx,SOD and EROD,as well as HSI in tilapia may be used as the biomarkers or indexes for evaluating or monitoring the pollution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as Phe.