零价铁对污泥高温厌氧消化过程中四环素抗性基因及第一类整合子的消减影响

为研究污泥高温厌氧消化过程中零价铁(Fe0)对抗生素抗性基因的消减影响,采用荧光定量PCR方法定量检测了7种四环素抗性基因(TC-ARGs,包括tetA、tetC、tetG、tetM、tetO、tetW和tetX)及第一类整合子int I1基因在厌氧消化过程中的丰度变化,同时检测分析了挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs)的质量浓度变化,并探讨了目标基因与VFAs之间的相关关系.结果表明,适量Fe0(如0.10 g·g~(-1),以Fe0/VSS计)不仅可以强化污泥厌氧消化进程,显著提高总VFAs和乙酸的产生量,而且能够增强TCARGs和int I1基因的消减效果.尽管如此,过量Fe0(如1.17 g·g~(-1),以Fe0/VSS计)对污泥高温厌氧消化过程中TC-ARGs和int I1基因消减的增强效果并不显著,推测可能是由于基因水平转移的发生所导致的.通过相关性分析可知,TC-ARGs(除tetO基因外)和int I1基因与乙酸之间存在显著负相关性,表明乙酸可能对TC-ARGs和int I1基因的消减具有促进作用.     

Detection of Class I and II integrons for the assessment of antibiotic and multidrug resistance among Escherichia coli isolates from agricultural irrigation waters in Bulacan,Philippines

Contaminated irrigation water may greatly affect not only the quality of produce but also the people exposed to it. In this study, agricultural irrigation waters in Bulacan, Philippines were assessed and found to be contaminated with Escherichia coli (E. coli) ranging from 0.58 to 4.51 log₁₀ CFU/mL. A total of 79 isolates of E. coli were confirmed through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifying the uidA gene and were tested for phenotypic resistance using 10 antimicrobials through the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. Forty-six isolates (58.22%) were noted to be multidrug resistant (MDR) with high resistance rate to cephalothin, tetracycline, streptomycin, ampicillin, trimethoprim, nalidixic acid, and chloramphenicol. Moreover, this study also examined the prevalence of Class I and II integrons accounting to 67.39% and 17.39%, respectively, of the MDR E. coli strains using multiplex PCR. The results imply that the agricultural water used in Bulacan is contaminated with the fecal material of man or other animals present in the area, and the presence of MDR bacteria, which pose a potential threat to individuals in these areas, is alarming. In addition, detection of integrons could be a good marker for the identification of MDR isolates. Lastly, this study could develop strategies for the proper management of farming sites leading to the detection of food-borne pathogens and prevention of infectious diseases.     

Influence of reclaimed water discharge on the dissemination and relationships of sulfonamide,sulfonamide resistance genes along the Chaobai River,Beijing

Reclaimed water threatens the ecological safety of the Chaobai River. SMX, TMP, and SDZ were the first three abundant antibiotics in the research area. SRGs and intI1 were widespread with high abundance after reclaimed water recharge. The SRGs values followed the sequence: Summer>autumn>spring>winter. Strong correlations were detected between SRGs and environmental factors. Reclaimed water represents an important source of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes, threatening the ecological safety of receiving environments, while alleviating water resource shortages. This study investigated the dissemination of sulfonamide (SAs), sulfonamide resistance genes (SRGs), and class one integrons (intI1) in the surface water of the recharging area of the Chaobai River. The three antibiotics sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and sulfadiazine had the highest abundance. The highest absolute abundances were 2.91×10⁶, 6.94×10⁶, and 2.18×10⁴ copies/mL for sul1, sul2, and intI1 at the recharge point, respectively. SRGs and intI1 were widespread and had high abundance not only at the recharging point, but also in remote areas up to 8 km away. Seasonal variations of SRGs abundance followed the order of summer>autumn>spring>winter. Significant correlations were found between SRGs and intI1 (R² = 0.887 and 0.786, p<0.01), indicating the potential risk of SRGs dissemination. Strong correlations between the abundance of SRGs and environmental factors were also found, suggesting that appropriate environmental conditions favor the spread of SRGs. The obtained results indicate that recharging with reclaimed water causes dissemination and enrichment of SAs and SRGs in the receiving river. Further research is required for the risk assessment and scientific management of reclaimed water.     

零价铁对污泥厌氧消化过程中四环素抗性基因水平转移的作用影响

细菌抗药性问题已成为全球生态环境安全和人体健康领域的一个关注焦点.污水处理剩余污泥是抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的一个重要储存库和排放源,采用荧光定量PCR方法检测分析了四环素抗性基因（TC-ARGs,包括tetA、tetC、tetG、tetM、tetO、tetW和tetX）及第一类整合子 intI1基因丰度在污泥厌氧消化过程中的变化特征,考察了不同投加量零价铁（Fe⁰）对目标基因的消长影响,初步分析了质粒DNA接合作用对TC-ARGs水平转移的作用影响,并探讨了TC-ARGs与 intI1基因之间的相关关系.结果表明,污泥厌氧消化过程对TC-ARGs和intI1基因丰度具有不同程度的削减作用,其中tetX基因丰度降幅可达2.4个数量级.Fe⁰的加入对TC-ARGs和intI1基因丰度削减不显著,并且随着Fe⁰投加量的增加,TC-ARGs和intI1基因丰度相比对照组出现逐渐升高的趋势.通过对质粒组DNA所携带的TC-ARGs基因丰度进行检测分析发现,质粒DNA接合作用对TC-ARGs的水平转移具有促进作用.相关性分析结果显示,tetG与intI1基因之间具有显著正相关关系,表明intI1基因在污泥厌氧消化过程中可能对tetG基因的演变过程具有重要影响.     

环境中抗药基因水平转移研究进展

抗药基因是一种新型环境污染物,一旦被致病菌获得,将导致抗生素的临床使用失效,从而危害公共健康。抗药基因可通过转移因子在细菌间传播,加剧抗药基因的扩散效应,提升了环境健康风险性,因此抗药基因水平转移受到了越来越多的关注。本文介绍了抗药基因水平转移的分子机制,总结了不同环境中各种抗药基因水平转移途径的研究现状,并对该领域将来的研究方向提出了展望,以期为环境中抗药基因的调查评估、污染控制及合理管理提供理论参考。