全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1006篇 |
免费 | 104篇 |
国内免费 | 113篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 159篇 |
废物处理 | 21篇 |
环保管理 | 250篇 |
综合类 | 450篇 |
基础理论 | 135篇 |
环境理论 | 1篇 |
污染及防治 | 42篇 |
评价与监测 | 27篇 |
社会与环境 | 100篇 |
灾害及防治 | 38篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 8篇 |
2023年 | 15篇 |
2022年 | 31篇 |
2021年 | 39篇 |
2020年 | 40篇 |
2019年 | 36篇 |
2018年 | 33篇 |
2017年 | 55篇 |
2016年 | 56篇 |
2015年 | 58篇 |
2014年 | 44篇 |
2013年 | 63篇 |
2012年 | 75篇 |
2011年 | 59篇 |
2010年 | 64篇 |
2009年 | 54篇 |
2008年 | 37篇 |
2007年 | 55篇 |
2006年 | 49篇 |
2005年 | 44篇 |
2004年 | 26篇 |
2003年 | 38篇 |
2002年 | 31篇 |
2001年 | 23篇 |
2000年 | 28篇 |
1999年 | 23篇 |
1998年 | 11篇 |
1997年 | 14篇 |
1996年 | 8篇 |
1995年 | 11篇 |
1994年 | 9篇 |
1993年 | 8篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 8篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 8篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 6篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 3篇 |
1971年 | 7篇 |
排序方式: 共有1223条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Fault detection (FD) and diagnosis in industrial processes is essential to ensure process safety and maintain product quality. Partial least squares (PLS) has been used successfully in process monitoring because it can effectively deal with highly correlated process variables. However, the conventional PLS-based detection metrics, such as the Hotelling's T2 and the Q statistics are ill suited to detect small faults because they only use information from the most recent observations. Other univariate statistical monitoring methods, such as the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control scheme, has shown better abilities to detect small faults. However, EWMA can only be used to monitor single variables. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to combine the advantages of the univariate EWMA and PLS methods to enhance their performances and widen their applicability in practice. The performance of the proposed PLS-based EWMA FD method was compared with that of the conventional PLS FD method through two simulated examples, one using synthetic data and the other using simulated distillation column data. The simulation results clearly show the effectiveness of the proposed method over the conventional PLS, especially in the presence of faults with small magnitudes. 相似文献
2.
Land degradation is a global problem that seriously threatens human society. However, in China and elsewhere, ecological restoration still largely relies on a traditional approach that focuses only on ecological factors and ignores socioeconomic factors. To improve the effectiveness of ecological restoration and maximize its economic and ecological benefits, a more efficient approach is needed that provides support for policy development and land management and thereby promotes environmental conservation. We devised a framework for assessing the value of ecosystem services that remain after subtracting costs, such as the opportunity costs, costs of forest protection, and costs for the people who are affected by the program; that is, the net value of ecosystem services (NVES). To understand the difference between the value of a resource and the net value of the ecosystem service it provides, we used data on VES, timber sales, and afforestation costs from China's massive national afforestation programs to calculate the net value of forest ecosystem services in China. Accounting for the abovementioned costs revealed an NVES of ¥6.1 × 1012 for forests in 2014, which was 35.9% less than the value calculated without accounting for costs. As a result, the NVES associated with afforestation was 55.9% less than the NVES of natural forests. In some regions, NVES was negative because of the huge costs of human-made plantations, high evapotranspiration rates (thus, high water opportunity costs), and low forest survival rates. To maximize the ecological benefits of conservation, it is necessary to account for as many costs as possible so that management decisions can be based on NVES, thereby helping managers choose projects that maximize both economic and ecological benefits. 相似文献
3.
4.
以2018年3次沙尘天气为研究对象,分析了PM2.5和PM10浓度、水溶性离子组分、气象条件和气溶胶光学特征,研究了长治市沙尘天气的典型污染特征和传输路径.结果表明:长治市2018年共8d为受沙尘天气影响日,其中4月份最多(5d),这与春季大气环流调整,冷暖空气活动频繁有关.沙尘污染发生前一般受西方或西北方冷空气影响,大气层结不稳定,大气环流转为经向环流,平均风速达4m/s以上;沙尘污染过程中PM2.5/PM10均低于0.3,环境空气中粗颗粒物占比较大,水溶性离子总浓度在PM2.5中占比下降,Ca2+浓度为沙尘污染发生前的4倍以上.冬季沙尘为近地面扩散传输,春夏季沙尘为高空沉降传输,影响范围大,区域传输贡献明显.长治市沙尘重要潜在源区为蒙古国、哈萨克斯坦中部和新疆中北部的荒漠地区,传输路径主要为西北路径和正北路径,其中西北路径为哈萨克斯坦—新疆中北部—内蒙古西部—长治以及新疆中北部—内蒙古西部—长治两条路径,正北路径为蒙古国—内蒙古中部—山西北部—长治. 相似文献
5.
连续采样与五日法采样效果及费用的对比分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过对连续采样与五日法采样五种方法监测结果及所需费用的比较,得出连续采样方法监测结果更具有代表性,合理性,一次性投资大,但运行费用并不高的结论。 相似文献
6.
中国生物入侵现状及对策 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
生物入侵是当今世界三大难题之一,中国也是世界上遭受生物入侵危害最大的国家之一.入侵中国的生物主要是以陆生植物为主,源地以美洲为主.在地域分布上南方和东部地区比较严重.主要侵入途径是以人类活动影响为主,自然扩散比重比较小.生物入侵对我国造成的危害十分巨大,解决生物入侵的主要对策是加强立法,全民重视. 相似文献
7.
CHEN Wen-ying 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2003,15(4):541-547
Emission projection and marginal abatement cost curves (MACs) are the central components of any assessment of future carbonmarket, such as CDM (clean development mechanism) potentials, carbon quota price etc. However, they are products of very complex,dynamic systems driven by forces like population growth, economic development, resource endowments, technology progress and so on. The modeling approaches for emission projection and MACs evaluation were summarized, and some major models and their results were compared.Accordingly, reduction and cost requirements to achieve the Kyoto target were estimated. It is concluded that Annex I Parties‘ total reduction requirements range from 503--1304 MtC with USA participation and decrease significantly to 140--612 MtC after USA‘ s withdrawal. Total costs vary from 21--77 BUSD with USA and from 5--36 BUSD without USA if only domestic reduction actions are taken. The costs would sharply reduce while considering the three flexible mechanisms defined in the Kyoto Protocol with domestic actions‘ share in the all mitigation strategies drons to only 0--16%. 相似文献
8.
采用边际机会成本理论,对自然资源定价的原理和方法进行阐述,并比较了各种方法在实际应用中的适用条件,以及相互之间的优劣,为自然资源开发中的环境损失估算提供理论支持. 相似文献
9.
生态技术创新政府启动模式的机理与启示 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
生态技术创新是经济可持续发展的必要条件。由于环境资源的公共性,时滞性等特点,政府在生态技术创新过程中发挥重要的作用,是企业生态技术创新的主要推动力。政府启动模式的本 于政府借助法律或经济手段促使企业部分边际外部费用内部化。 相似文献
10.
Starting from a theoreticalnotion of capacity building this paperfocuses on the implications ofmulti-project baselines for costs andinstitutions. Availability of data and thelevel of data aggregation determine to alarge extent the cost of derivingmulti-project baselines. For localinstitutions this implies that theircapacity development needs are linked todecisions made on strictness of baselines.The initial higher costs of multi-projectcalculations in the development stage areeasily offset once more projects will usesuch a baseline. This paper argues theseinitial demands are not as high asexpected. Multi-project approaches willreduce transaction costs, especially forsmall-scale projects, will reducevalidation costs and likely reduce humanresource demands in other stages of theproject cycle. 相似文献