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1.
村级水资源的管理与利用研究--来自南方四个村的案例分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
农村水资源及其相关设施的改革需要更多了解村和户层次上的现实状况和机制安排。以避免改革扭曲和失败。通过对湖北和广西共四个村的村委会、关键知情人及120个农户的调查。在村和农户两个层次上描述水资源及其相关设施的管理与利用,尤其是在干旱年份村和户所采取的策略。并深入分析了农村村级水资源管理与利用的制度安排与问题。得出的结论是。追求水利管理效率的市场化改革需要考虑干旱的威胁,要有基于风险的制度设计和法律保障。 相似文献
2.
选取湖南省浏阳市某Cd污染稻田进行田间试验,研究组配改良剂石灰石+海泡石(LS)、基施硅肥及叶面喷施硅肥对Cd污染稻田修复效果,结果表明:(1)基施硅肥90kg/hm2和叶面喷施硅肥(0.2,0.4g/L)对土壤pH值无明显影响,添加LS(2250,4500kg/hm2)的各处理均显著提高土壤pH值(P < 0.05).(2)基施硅肥90kg/hm2分别降低土壤交换态、毒性特征浸出(TCLP)提取态Cd含量20.0%和18.5%,叶面喷施硅肥对土壤Cd两种提取态含量无明显影响,添加LS的各处理(2250,4500kg/hm2)分别使土壤交换态、TCLP提取态Cd含量降低25.8%~49.9%、26.4%~44.5%.(3)3种单一技术措施均能明显降低水稻各部位Cd含量,但降低糙米中Cd含量的效果低于3种技术措施的组合处理;“组配改良剂LS+基施硅肥+叶面喷施硅肥”各处理(JL1F1、JL1F2、JL2F1、JL2F2)使水稻糙米中Cd含量降低25.6%~70.5%.(4)“组配改良剂LS+基施硅肥+叶面喷施硅肥”的组合技术处理能显著降低土壤中Cd的有效性,显著降低水稻各部位中Cd含量,其中JL2F2处理效果最佳,能使对照糙米Cd含量从0.66mg/kg降低到0.19mg/kg,实现中重度Cd污染稻田的水稻安全生产. 相似文献
3.
本文介绍一种灵敏而准确的高效液相色谱测定花粉素中五种水溶性维生素(即B_1、B_2、B_5、B_6和B_(12))方法。研究了移动相醋酸盐缓冲溶液的浓度和PH对色谱分离效果的影响,水溶性维生素的定量分析是用日立3011-N的填充柱(其内径为4毫米,长250毫米),以含有2.5%乙醇的醋酸钠-醋酸组成的缓冲溶液(PH6)作为移动相,在波长254纳米处进行紫外检测,变异系数和回收率分别为2-5%和91.0-101.5%。 相似文献
4.
Butter (45) and ghee (55) samples were collected from rural and urban areas of cotton growing belt of Haryana and analysed for detecting the residues of organochlorine, synthetic pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides. The estimation was carried out by using multi residue analytical technique employing GC-ECD and GC-NPD systems equipped with capillary columns. Butter samples were comparatively more contaminated (97%) than ghee (94%), showing more contamination with organochlorine insecticides from urban samples. About 11% samples of butter showed endosulfan residues above MRL value and 2% samples had residues of synthetic pyrethroids and organophosphates each above their respective MRL values. In ghee, residues of HCH & DDT both and of endosulfan exceeded the MRL values in 5 and 20% samples, respectively. Among organophosphates, only chlorpyriphos was detected with 9% samples showing its residue above MRL value. Irrespective of contamination levels, residues above the MRL values were more in ghee. More extensive study covering other agricultural regions/zones of Haryana has been suggested to know the overall scenario of contamination of milk products. 相似文献
5.
Controlled-release fertilizer(CRF):A green fertilizer for controlling non-point contamination in agriculture 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Fertilizers contribute greatly to high yields but also result in environmental non-point contamination, including the emission of greenhouse gas(N2O) and eutrophication of water bodies. How to solve this problem has become a serious challenge, especially for China as its high ecological pressure. Controlled-release fertilizer(CRF) has been developed to minimize the contamination while keeping high yield and has become a green fertilizer for agriculture. Several CRFs made with special coating technology were used for testing the fertilizer effects in yield and environment through pot experiment and field trial. The result indicated that the CRFs had higher N use efficiency, thus reducing N loss through leaching and volatilization while keeping higher yields. Comparing with imported standard CRFs,the test on CRFs showed similar fertilizer effect but with much lower cost. CRFs application is becoming a new approach for minimizing non-point contamination in agriculture. 相似文献
6.
国际海事组织目前正在对《MARPOL73/78公约》附则Ⅱ-控制散装液体有毒物质污染规则作重大修改,内容包手胡毒液体物质和化学品,这很可能对主管机关、船公司和化工界造成严重的冲击。 相似文献
7.
在实验室规模的热态流化床试验台上,进行了含5%己二胺有机废液的焚烧 实验研究,在700-900℃范围内,研究温度及空气过剩系数对NOx沿床高的变化规律,以及它们对NOx排放浓度的影响。实验结果表明,沿高度方向上NOx浓度 逐渐降低,并且存在NO2浓度大于NO浓度这一有趣现象,在900℃下氧量增加有利于密相区NO、NO2浓度的降低,说明在 有氧条件下NH2促进NOx的还原,在不同空气 过剩系数下和然相区出口NOx几乎为零 ,表明900℃是己二胺有机废液焚烧 的合适温度。 相似文献
8.
V. Sivakumar V. Ravi Verma P.G. Rao G. Swaminathan 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2007,15(18):1813-1818
Focus on eco-friendly processing techniques makes vegetable tanning a viable option in leather processing and establishes the subsequent need for the more efficient methods of extraction in tannin manufacture. Application of ultrasound has been tried in the extraction of tannins from myrobalan nuts in order to improve the extraction efficiency, to perform the extraction under milder process conditions and to reduce the process time. The influence of process parameters such as ultrasonic output power, time and temperature has been studied. Scale-up trials and the use of ultrasound in pulse mode have also been attempted. The results show that a three- to fivefold improvement is possible with ultrasonic output from 20 to 100 W. Extraction efficiency has been calculated from the maximum extractable materials from myrobalan nuts. Extraction efficiency is found to be 90% for ultrasound, 100 W without external heating as compared to 77% for control process at 70 °C for 4 h. Therefore, ultrasound could be employed even dispensing with provision for temperature controls. The use of ultrasound in pulse mode offered 70% extraction efficiency of continuous mode. Scale-up trials indicate that there exists an optimum ultrasonic output power depending on the amount of nuts used, to achieve better extraction efficiency. The effectiveness of ultrasonically extracted tannin solution has also been tested in the tanning process for its applicability. The degree of tanning efficacy has been assessed by shrinkage temperature measurement. The results indicate that ultrasonically extracted tannin solution is suitable for tanning process. Therefore, application of ultrasound in tannin extract manufacture is a viable option with added advantages. 相似文献
9.
10.
低浓度渣油-水系乳化液的抑尘性能现场试验研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文介绍了作者用渣油-水系乳化液做路面抑尘剂在某矿露天坑3种不同类型路面进行的大规模工业性试验。现场测定结果表明:这种路面抑尘剂可以获得比较理想的防尘效果,长期使用该乳化液可取得显著的综合经济效益。 相似文献