华南玄武岩红土化过程中微量元素地球化学

广东、海南的玄武岩．在强烈的红土化过程中．元素在红土剖面中发生迁移和残留、贫化和富集。根据红土化过程中元素的地球化学性状，将元素划分为活泼元素和不活泼元素两大类。并首次采用了元素它集因子这个概念来探讨红土化过程中微量元素的地球化学行为。最后讨论了红土化过程小金的表生富集作用。     

Comparison of Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cr, Sn, Mo Concentrations in Tissues of Fish (Roach and Perch) from Lake Baikal and Bratsk reservoir, Russia

Data on Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cr, Sn, Mo concentrations in some food fish in Baikal Lake and Bratsk reservoir have been compared. The muscles, skin and gills of roach and perch (Rutilus rutilus and Perca fluviatis L.) were analysed. The conditions of atomic-emission analysis, detection limits, reproducibility, coefficients of transformation from the wet to dry mass and to an ash residue are reported. To verify accuracy, the results of reference samples OK-1 (Baikal perch) and OM-1 (Baikal roach) were used along with atomic-absorption and neutron-activation results of ashed and dried samples. The observed range of concentrations in tissues exceeds the probable analytical errors and reflects natural variability. The content of Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni and Cr in tissues of fish collected in the Bratsk reservoir from the conventionally uncontaminated and polluted sites correspond to the concentrations in tissues of similar fish from Lake Baikal. The latter are normal for fish of weakly mineralised oligotrophic reservoirs. The ranges of concentration in studied fish (roach and perch) consist of mg kg^–1 dry wt: in muscles-Zn(14–28), Cu(2.2–4.7), Pb(0.30–0.61); in skin-Zn(94–119), Cu(1.2–1.4), Pb(0.16–0.08); in gills-Zn(70–280), Cu(2.0–7.4), Pb(0.19–1.2).     

稻季土壤溶液中微量元素浓度对大气CO2浓度升高的响应

利用中国稻/麦轮作FACE（Free Air Carbon-dioxide Enrichment）试验平台,研究大气CO2浓度升高（比周围大气高200μmol·mol-1）对2007年稻季各生育期不同深度土壤溶液微量元素质量浓度影响。结果表明,大气CO2浓度升高对不同深度土壤溶液微量元素质量浓度的影响在不同生育期有所差异;尽管大多未达显著水平,大气CO2浓度升高表现出增加不同层次土壤溶液微量元素质量浓度的趋势,对土壤溶液Fe质量浓度增加程度尤为明显;从整个生育期看,FACE对土壤溶液Fe质量浓度增加幅度在5、15、30、60和90cm处分别为47.6%,36.3%,7.6%,37.0%和201.8%。大气CO2浓度升高对稻田土壤溶液微量元素质量浓度的长期影响需要进一步深入研究。     

紫色红壤施肥对尾叶桉生长的影响

在紫色砂岩发育的严重侵蚀红壤上,开展尾叶桉施肥试验。结果表明,ＮＰＫ复合肥的施用,明显地促进了尾叶桉的生长,但在未加人微量元素肥料的情况下,表现出明显的微量元素缺乏病症,致使尾叶桉分生组织畸变,上部枝条折断,成丛生状,顶端优势不明显。２０个月生时,ＮＰＫ＋微肥处理的树高和胸径,与ＮＰＫ处理的相比较,分别提高５４．３％和１０４．９％,是对照无肥处理的３．６４倍和１．５８倍,表现出极显著的微量元素施肥效果。     

干旱区绿洲农田土壤微量元素有效态含量空间分布特征

采用地统计学和GIS相结合的方法,对甘肃省张掖山丹县和民乐县农田耕层土壤中有效态Fe,Cu,Zn,Mn,Ni和Co含量的空间变异特征、分布规律及影响因素进行了研究. 结果表明,研究区有效态Fe和Zn含量较缺乏,6种微量元素均属中等变异强度. 有效态Cu,Zn和Ni含量的最适半方差模型为球状模型,Fe和Co为指数模型,Mn为高斯模型;有效态Fe,Cu,Mn,Ni和Co含量具有强烈空间相关性,有效态Zn含量具有中等空间相关性;6种微量元素有效态含量的变程大小顺序为Fe＞Ni＞Zn＞Co＞Mn＞Cu. 有效态Fe和Ni含量呈明显的带状分布,总体上为由南向北递减,有效态Mn和Co含量呈岛状分布;有效态Fe和Zn含量处于中等及偏低水平,而有效态Cu,Mn和Ni含量处于中等及丰富水平. 此外,土壤有机质含量对研究区主要微量元素(Cu除外)有效态含量的影响最大.